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Geoffrey Raisman Spinal Repair Unit, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK

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developing in the neonatal preoptic area showed plasticity with a binary outcome determined by the presence or absence of exposure to sex hormones ( Raisman & Field 1973 ). My publication appeared 2 years after Harris' death. Circadian rhythms: the

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Francesca Spiga
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Louise R Harrison
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Susan Wood
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David M Knight
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Cliona P MacSweeney Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, BS1 3NY Bristol, UK

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Fiona Thomson Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, BS1 3NY Bristol, UK

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Mark Craighead Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, BS1 3NY Bristol, UK

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Stafford L Lightman
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investigated the effects of Org on basal HPA axis activity by studying the circadian ( Jasper & Engeland 1991 ) and ultradian ( Windle et al . 1998 ) rhythms of corticosterone secretion. Cortisol in man, and corticosterone in rodents, is released in a

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Da-Long Ren Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, People's Republic of China

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Ai-Ai Sun Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, People's Republic of China

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Ya-Juan Li Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, People's Republic of China

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Min Chen Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, People's Republic of China

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Shu-Chao Ge Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, People's Republic of China

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Bing Hu Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, People's Republic of China

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. ( doi:10.1111/j.1600-079X.1992.tb00030.x ) Kazimi N Cahill GM 1999 Development of a circadian melatonin rhythm in embryonic zebrafish . Brain Research. Developmental Brain Research 117 47 – 52 . ( doi:10.1016/S0165-3806(99)00096-6 ) Kleber

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Andreas Nygaard Madsen
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Gitte Hansen
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Sarah Juel Paulsen
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Kirsten Lykkegaard
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Mads Tang-Christensen
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Harald S Hansen Rheoscience A/S, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Neurology Service, Department of Neurology and Neurosciencies, NovoNordisk A/S, Rødovre 2610, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Barry E Levin Rheoscience A/S, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Neurology Service, Department of Neurology and Neurosciencies, NovoNordisk A/S, Rødovre 2610, Copenhagen, Denmark
Rheoscience A/S, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Neurology Service, Department of Neurology and Neurosciencies, NovoNordisk A/S, Rødovre 2610, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Philip Just Larsen
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Lotte Bjerre Knudsen Rheoscience A/S, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Neurology Service, Department of Neurology and Neurosciencies, NovoNordisk A/S, Rødovre 2610, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Keld Fosgerau
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Niels Vrang
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was measured in duplicate at all time points using a commercially available insulin ELISA assay (Diamyd Diagnostics, Stockholm, Sweden). Circadian rhythm hormone profile Measurements of the circadian rhythms of leptin and insulin were performed in rats

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R G P Denis
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C Bing
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S Brocklehurst
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J A Harrold
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R G Vernon
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G Williams
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. Ahima RS & Flier JS 2000 Leptin. Annual Review of Physiology 62 413 –437. Ahima RS , Prabakaran D & Flier JS 1998 Postnatal leptin surge and regulation of circadian rhythm of leptin by feeding. Journal of Clinical

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C García-Luna Department of Neurosciences Research, Molecular Neurophysiology Laboratory, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico

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P Soberanes-Chávez Department of Neurosciences Research, Molecular Neurophysiology Laboratory, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico

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P de Gortari Department of Neurosciences Research, Molecular Neurophysiology Laboratory, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico

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– 4931 . ( doi:10.1210/en.140.11.4923 ) Ahima RS Prabakaran D Flier JS 1998 Postnatal leptin surge and regulation of circadian rhythm of leptin by feeding. Implications for energy homeostasis and neuroendocrine function . Journal of

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David E Henley Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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Fiona Buchanan Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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Rosemary Gibson Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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Jennie A Douthwaite Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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Susan A Wood Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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Wolfram W Woltersdorf Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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James R Catterall Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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Stafford L Lightman Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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'Carroll et al . 2003 ); understanding of the exact role in HPA functioning is only now emerging ( Newson et al . 2009 ) and the 24-h variability in plasma apelin levels in this study did not match the typical cortisol circadian rhythm. We found a reduction

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Francesca Spiga
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Louise R Harrison
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Susan A Wood
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Cliona P MacSweeney Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Organon Laboratories Limited, Organon Laboratories Limited, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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Fiona J Thomson Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Organon Laboratories Limited, Organon Laboratories Limited, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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Mark Craighead Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Organon Laboratories Limited, Organon Laboratories Limited, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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Morag Grassie Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Organon Laboratories Limited, Organon Laboratories Limited, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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Stafford L Lightman
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glucocorticoids negative feedback was investigated during the physiological corticosterone circadian peak. We have recently shown that acute administration of Org 34850 at the dose of 10 mg/kg has no effect on corticosterone release in either basal or stress

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Atsushi Fukushima Department of Physiology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan

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Ping Yin Department of Physiology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan

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Maho Ishida Department of Physiology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan

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Nobuhiro Sugiyama Department of Physiology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan

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Jun Arita Department of Physiology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan

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surge generator requires information regarding the light–darkness environment ( Freeman 1994 ); a circadian rhythm generated in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus in response to light–darkness cycles entrains the GnRH surge generator to produce the

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Ruben Nogueiras Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Obesity and Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK

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Sulay Tovar Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Obesity and Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK

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Sharon E Mitchell Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Obesity and Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK

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Perry Barrett Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Obesity and Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK

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D Vernon Rayner Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Obesity and Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK

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Carlos Dieguez Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Obesity and Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK

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Lynda M Williams Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Obesity and Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK

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hypothalamus ( Graham et al. 2003 ). These nuclei are important in controlling circadian rhythms, appetite and energy balance ( Takahashi & Zatz 1982 , Williams et al. 2001 ). In contrast, NMU expression in the rat is limited to the SCN, relatively few

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