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Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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into constant LP, we can reveal the circannual rhythm and assess the known photoperiodic circuits ( Fig. 2 ). Here, both the melatonin signal and the local circadian clockwork in the PT does not change, continuing to reflect the prevailing photoperiod
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Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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males is primarily mediated by ERα, though this does not exclude the possibility that ERβ plays a role in modulating the circadian-rhythm patterns of activity, as shown for females ( Royston et al. 2014 ). ‘Non-classical’ ER knock-in (NERKI) mice
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, Indredavik et al . 2004 , Raikkonen et al . 2008 , Schendel & Bhasin 2008 ). These disorders are associated with abnormalities of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis such as disturbed circadian rhythm, impaired cortisol suppression by
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). La Fleur (2003) has postulated that glucose metabolism is regulated in a rhythmic fashion over a 24-h light/darkness cycle through the endogenous circadian oscillator located within the SCN and that this rhythm is independent of feeding activity
Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
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Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
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Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
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Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
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Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
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Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
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Reproduction and Fertility 66 513 –518. Zhao Z-Y , Xie Y, Fu Y-R, Li Y-Y, Bogdan A & Touitou Y 2003 Circadian rhythm characteristics of serum cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in healthy Chinese men aged 30 to 60
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often associated with physical inactivity and disrupted life rhythms, including binge and night eating ( Marcus & Wildes 2014 ), which makes the treatment of obesity more complicated and weight reduction less attainable. Although exercise is recommended
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. 2014 ). Therefore, it is important to control body weight in women throughout life. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a molecule secreted by the pineal gland in a circadian manner. In addition to regulating circadian rhythms, melatonin has a
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U676, Hôpital Robert-Debré, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, F-75019 Paris, France
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology L334, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97201-3098, USA
Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité Mixte de Recherche, 6187 Pôle Biologie Santé, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers, France
Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Neurosciences Research Building, 655 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA
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Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U676, Hôpital Robert-Debré, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, F-75019 Paris, France
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology L334, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97201-3098, USA
Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité Mixte de Recherche, 6187 Pôle Biologie Santé, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers, France
Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Neurosciences Research Building, 655 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA
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Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U676, Hôpital Robert-Debré, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, F-75019 Paris, France
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology L334, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97201-3098, USA
Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité Mixte de Recherche, 6187 Pôle Biologie Santé, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers, France
Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Neurosciences Research Building, 655 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA
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Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U676, Hôpital Robert-Debré, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, F-75019 Paris, France
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology L334, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97201-3098, USA
Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité Mixte de Recherche, 6187 Pôle Biologie Santé, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers, France
Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Neurosciences Research Building, 655 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA
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Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U676, Hôpital Robert-Debré, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, F-75019 Paris, France
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology L334, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97201-3098, USA
Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité Mixte de Recherche, 6187 Pôle Biologie Santé, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers, France
Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Neurosciences Research Building, 655 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA
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Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U676, Hôpital Robert-Debré, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, F-75019 Paris, France
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology L334, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97201-3098, USA
Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité Mixte de Recherche, 6187 Pôle Biologie Santé, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers, France
Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Neurosciences Research Building, 655 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA
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demonstrated that the dark–light circadian rhythm is damaged in VIP null mice ( Colwell et al. 2003 ), suggesting that rhythmic secretion of gonadotropins might be perturbed in VIP KO mice. Altogether, these data strongly favor the idea that the lack of VIP
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] are of importance in conditioning sexual periodicity. It is likely that the intrinsic sexual rhythm of many mammals is adjusted … by such ‘exteroceptive factors’ as Marshall termed them’ ( Harris 1955 ). The mechanisms by which the central nervous
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( Table 1 ). In humans, the plasma concentrations of CBG (~500 nM) and cortisol (~50–500 nM over the circadian rhythm) are similar between sexes at all ages ( Robinson et al. 1985 , Russell & Lightman 2019 ). During physical trauma in humans, plasma