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S Elis Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 6175 INRA-CNRS-Université F Rabelais de Tours, Haras Nationaux, 37380 Nouzilly, France
Institute of Endocrine Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy

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J Dupont Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 6175 INRA-CNRS-Université F Rabelais de Tours, Haras Nationaux, 37380 Nouzilly, France
Institute of Endocrine Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy

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I Couty Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 6175 INRA-CNRS-Université F Rabelais de Tours, Haras Nationaux, 37380 Nouzilly, France
Institute of Endocrine Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy

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L Persani Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 6175 INRA-CNRS-Université F Rabelais de Tours, Haras Nationaux, 37380 Nouzilly, France
Institute of Endocrine Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy

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M Govoroun Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 6175 INRA-CNRS-Université F Rabelais de Tours, Haras Nationaux, 37380 Nouzilly, France
Institute of Endocrine Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy

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E Blesbois Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 6175 INRA-CNRS-Université F Rabelais de Tours, Haras Nationaux, 37380 Nouzilly, France
Institute of Endocrine Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy

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F Batellier Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 6175 INRA-CNRS-Université F Rabelais de Tours, Haras Nationaux, 37380 Nouzilly, France
Institute of Endocrine Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy

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P Monget Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 6175 INRA-CNRS-Université F Rabelais de Tours, Haras Nationaux, 37380 Nouzilly, France
Institute of Endocrine Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy

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et al. 2001 ). This inhibitory effect of BMP15 on FSH-induced progesterone secretion is associated with a decrease in the protein level of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), an important cholesterol carrier, and two key enzymes of

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Hiroyuki Otani
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Fumio Otsuka
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Masaya Takeda
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Tomoyuki Mukai
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Tomohiro Terasaka
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Tomoko Miyoshi
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Kenichi Inagaki
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Jiro Suzuki
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Toshio Ogura
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Mark A Lawson Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Reproductive Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama City 700-8558, Japan

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Hirofumi Makino
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, Herbison & Pape 2001 ). Estrogen receptors (ER) belong to the superfamily of nuclear receptors and are classified as class I ligand-activated transcription factors. There are two identified subtypes of ERα and ERβ (ESR1 and ESR2 as listed in MGI Database

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Oliver Treeck Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Strasse 65, 93053 Regensburg, Germany

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Georg Pfeiler Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Strasse 65, 93053 Regensburg, Germany

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Diana Mitter Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Strasse 65, 93053 Regensburg, Germany

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Claus Lattrich Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Strasse 65, 93053 Regensburg, Germany

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Gerhard Piendl Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Strasse 65, 93053 Regensburg, Germany

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Olaf Ortmann Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Strasse 65, 93053 Regensburg, Germany

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exon-skipped ERβ splice variants on expression of 15 estrogen-responsive genes in SK-OV-3 cells (progesterone receptor (PR), cyclin D1, CDK2, autotaxin, PS2, ERα, FAS ligand, HER2, cathepsin D, EGFR, IGFBP-4, WISP-2, p21(WAF1), cyclin A2, and fibulin 1c

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Aarti D Rohira Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA

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David M Lonard Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA

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Bert W O’Malley Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA

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shed off in the absence of embryo implantation. This process is regulated by the sex steroid hormones progesterone and estrogen. Impairment in the process of decidualization leads to many pregnancy disorders such as infertility and miscarriages. Hence

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I Svechnikova Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Q2:08, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden

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K Svechnikov Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Q2:08, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden

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O Söder Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Q2:08, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden

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the majority of enzymes known to be affected by exposure to DEHP ( Pollack et al. 1989 ). In primary cultures of rat granulosa cells (GCs), stimulation of adenylate cyclase and progesterone synthesis by follicle-simulating hormone (FSH) is

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Marina Komrakova
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Carsten Werner Department of Trauma Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Endocrinology, University of Goettingen, Robert-Koch Strasse 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany

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Michael Wicke Department of Trauma Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Endocrinology, University of Goettingen, Robert-Koch Strasse 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany

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Ba Tiep Nguyen Department of Trauma Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Endocrinology, University of Goettingen, Robert-Koch Strasse 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany

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Stephan Sehmisch
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Mohammad Tezval
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Klaus Michael Stuermer
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Ewa Klara Stuermer
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Introduction Today it is still unclear which role the skeletal muscle plays in the main problem of osteoporosis, the traumatic event (fall), the osteoporotic fracture, and its healing process. A decline in estrogen production at menopause is

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Prasanthi P Koganti Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

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Amy H Zhao Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

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Vimal Selvaraj Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

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produced progesterone rather than testosterone due to loss of 17alpha-hydroxylase/C17–20 lyase activity. In the early 2000s, it was noted that MA-10 cells became almost devoid of cell surface LH receptor (LHR) activity, with low LH-binding density and LH

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Toshihiro Takao Department of Endocrine, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan

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Chizuru Kumagai Department of Endocrine, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan

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Naoko Hisakawa Department of Endocrine, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan

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Reiko Matsumoto Department of Endocrine, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan

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Kozo Hashimoto Department of Endocrine, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan

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, Pellicciari C & Maggi A 1999 Estrogen and progesterone induction of survival of monoblastoid cells undergoing TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis. FASEB Journal 13 793 –803. Weusten JJ , Blankenstein MA, Gmelig-Meyling FH, Schuurman

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Hyun Joon Kim Division of Clinical and Reproductive Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Animal Sciences, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS, INSERM, ULP, College de France) and Institut Clinique de la Souris, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
Division of Clinical and Reproductive Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Animal Sciences, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS, INSERM, ULP, College de France) and Institut Clinique de la Souris, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA

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Mary C Gieske Division of Clinical and Reproductive Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Animal Sciences, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS, INSERM, ULP, College de France) and Institut Clinique de la Souris, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
Division of Clinical and Reproductive Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Animal Sciences, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS, INSERM, ULP, College de France) and Institut Clinique de la Souris, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA

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Susan Hudgins Division of Clinical and Reproductive Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Animal Sciences, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS, INSERM, ULP, College de France) and Institut Clinique de la Souris, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA

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Beob Gyun Kim Division of Clinical and Reproductive Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Animal Sciences, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS, INSERM, ULP, College de France) and Institut Clinique de la Souris, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA

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Andree Krust Division of Clinical and Reproductive Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Animal Sciences, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS, INSERM, ULP, College de France) and Institut Clinique de la Souris, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA

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Pierre Chambon Division of Clinical and Reproductive Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Animal Sciences, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS, INSERM, ULP, College de France) and Institut Clinique de la Souris, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA

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CheMyong Ko Division of Clinical and Reproductive Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Animal Sciences, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS, INSERM, ULP, College de France) and Institut Clinique de la Souris, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
Division of Clinical and Reproductive Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Animal Sciences, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS, INSERM, ULP, College de France) and Institut Clinique de la Souris, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA

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Aguilar R Blanco A 2004 Biological role of pituitary estrogen receptors ERalpha and ERbeta on progesterone receptor expression and action and on gonadotropin and prolactin secretion in the rat . Neuroendocrinology 79 247 – 258 . Sanchez-Criado JE de

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Jin-Wen Xu Section of Pathophysiology, Department of Health and Bio-pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biotics, Department of Surgery, Hanabusa Women's Clinic, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for World Health Development, Department of Pharmacy

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Naomi Yasui Section of Pathophysiology, Department of Health and Bio-pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biotics, Department of Surgery, Hanabusa Women's Clinic, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for World Health Development, Department of Pharmacy

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Katsumi Ikeda Section of Pathophysiology, Department of Health and Bio-pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biotics, Department of Surgery, Hanabusa Women's Clinic, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for World Health Development, Department of Pharmacy

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Wei-Jun Pan Section of Pathophysiology, Department of Health and Bio-pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biotics, Department of Surgery, Hanabusa Women's Clinic, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for World Health Development, Department of Pharmacy
Section of Pathophysiology, Department of Health and Bio-pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biotics, Department of Surgery, Hanabusa Women's Clinic, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for World Health Development, Department of Pharmacy

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June Watanabe Section of Pathophysiology, Department of Health and Bio-pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biotics, Department of Surgery, Hanabusa Women's Clinic, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for World Health Development, Department of Pharmacy

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Masahide Shiotani Section of Pathophysiology, Department of Health and Bio-pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biotics, Department of Surgery, Hanabusa Women's Clinic, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for World Health Development, Department of Pharmacy

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Atsushi Yanaihara Section of Pathophysiology, Department of Health and Bio-pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biotics, Department of Surgery, Hanabusa Women's Clinic, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for World Health Development, Department of Pharmacy

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Tomohiro Miki Section of Pathophysiology, Department of Health and Bio-pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biotics, Department of Surgery, Hanabusa Women's Clinic, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for World Health Development, Department of Pharmacy

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Yukio Yamori Section of Pathophysiology, Department of Health and Bio-pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biotics, Department of Surgery, Hanabusa Women's Clinic, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for World Health Development, Department of Pharmacy

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-regulated progesterone receptor in the uterus ( Hughes et al . 2004 ), to alter the uterine expression of estrogen-responsive genes ( Wang et al . 2005 ), and to regulate prostaglandin secretion in the endometrium ( Woclawek-Potocka et al . 2005 ). As a broad

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