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F Vilchis Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, Del. Tlalpan C.P. 14000, México D.F., Mexico

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L Ramos Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, Del. Tlalpan C.P. 14000, México D.F., Mexico

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C Timossi Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, Del. Tlalpan C.P. 14000, México D.F., Mexico

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B Chávez Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga no. 15, Del. Tlalpan C.P. 14000, México D.F., Mexico

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sex differences in five of the seven haem biosynthetic enzymes, with higher activities always being found in females. Porphobilinogen deaminase, uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, coproporphyrinogen oxidase and protoporphyrinogen oxidase are among the

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Ya-Li Yang Research Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China

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Li-Rong Ren Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shenzhen Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

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Li-Feng Sun Research Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China

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Chen Huang Research Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China

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Tian-Xia Xiao Research Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China

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Bao-Bei Wang Research Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China

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Jie Chen Research Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China

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Brian A Zabel Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA, and Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA

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Peigen Ren Research Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China

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Jian V Zhang Research Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China

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that it could regulate glucose homeostasis in the development of obesity. It was recently reported that many chemokines play important roles in fertility and reproduction ( Hausman & Barb 2010 ). Tena-Sempere et al . (1999) found that in rat

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Yan-Guang Wu The Center for Human Reproduction (CHR), Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology Laboratory, 21 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, USA

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David H Barad The Center for Human Reproduction (CHR), Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology Laboratory, 21 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, USA
The Center for Human Reproduction (CHR), Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology Laboratory, 21 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, USA
The Center for Human Reproduction (CHR), Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology Laboratory, 21 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, USA

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Vitaly A Kushnir The Center for Human Reproduction (CHR), Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology Laboratory, 21 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, USA
The Center for Human Reproduction (CHR), Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology Laboratory, 21 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, USA

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Emanuela Lazzaroni The Center for Human Reproduction (CHR), Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology Laboratory, 21 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, USA

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Qi Wang The Center for Human Reproduction (CHR), Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology Laboratory, 21 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, USA

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David F Albertini The Center for Human Reproduction (CHR), Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology Laboratory, 21 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, USA
The Center for Human Reproduction (CHR), Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology Laboratory, 21 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, USA

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Norbert Gleicher The Center for Human Reproduction (CHR), Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology Laboratory, 21 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, USA
The Center for Human Reproduction (CHR), Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology Laboratory, 21 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, USA
The Center for Human Reproduction (CHR), Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology Laboratory, 21 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, USA

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Introduction Effects of female reproductive aging on assisted reproductive technologies are widely acknowledged. Age-related gradual declines in implantation and pregnancy rates ( van Noord-Zaadstra et al . 1991 ) as well as increases in

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Bushra Taqui Lawson Health Research Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada

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Farzad Asadi Lawson Health Research Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada

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Evangelina Capobianco CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Daniel Barry Hardy Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Physiology & Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada

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Alicia Jawerbaum CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Edith Juliana Arany Lawson Health Research Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada

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( Sobngwi et al. 2003 , Chon et al. 2014 ). In humans, exposure to hyperglycemia in utero leads to differential effects on male and female offspring upon the risk of developing diabetes later in life ( Sobngwi et al. 2003 , Mauvais-Jarvis 2018

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Takeshi Iwasa Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan

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Toshiya Matsuzaki Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan

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Masahiro Murakami Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan

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Riyo Kinouchi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan

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Ganbat Gereltsetseg Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan

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Shinobu Fujisawa Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan

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Akira Kuwahara Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan

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Toshiyuki Yasui Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan

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Minoru Irahara Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan

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gonadal intact female rats ( Castellano et al . 2005 ). Recently, kisspeptin, the product of the Kiss1 gene, and its receptor, Kiss1r, a product of the G protein-coupled receptor 54 ( GPR54 ) gene, have emerged as essential gatekeepers of reproduction

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Christopher J Scott School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia

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Jessica L Rose School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia

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Allan J Gunn Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia

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Briony M McGrath School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia

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Introduction Brain control of reproduction in mammals involves the integration of a number of factors. In females, these factors impact the ability to attain pregnancy and carry the fetus to term, as well as the ability to suckle the offspring

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Giselle Adriana Abruzzese Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Maria Florencia Heber Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Silvana Rocío Ferreira Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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María José Ferrer Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Alicia Beatriz Motta Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Aponte-Mellado A Premkumar BJ Shaman A Gupta S 2012 The effects of oxidative stress on female reproduction: a review . Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 10 49. ( https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-10-49 ) Aiken CE Tarry-Adkins JL

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David O'Regan Endocrinology Unit, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

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Christopher J Kenyon Endocrinology Unit, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

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Jonathan R Seckl Endocrinology Unit, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

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Megan C Holmes Endocrinology Unit, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

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to food (standard rat chow) and water. All experiments were performed according to the UK Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act, 1986. Prenatal treatments Virgin female rats were housed with male rats. Pregnancy was confirmed by the presence

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A F Roy
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Y Benomar
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V Bailleux
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C M Vacher
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A Aubourg
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A Gertler
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J Djiane
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M Taouis
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. 2007 ). Progesterone also stimulates appetite and food intake in the female in the presence of elevated leptin ( Rosso 1987 , Grueso et al . 2001 ). Leptin, the 16 kDa peptide hormone product of the ob gene, is mainly produced by adipose

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Amrutha Bagivalu Lakshminarasimha Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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Madhuri Puvvada Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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Matthias Hammerschmidt Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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Maximilian Michel Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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) 31322169 Sheffer-Babila S Sun Y Israel DD Liu SM Neal-Perry G Chua Jr SC 2013 Agouti-related peptide plays a critical role in leptin’s effects on female puberty and reproduction . American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism

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