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Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
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University of Hawai‘i Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, USA
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-Jamot et al. 2006 ). Although the extent of hormonal control of Aqp3 in mammalian epidermis is similarly unresolved, it is noteworthy that both tissues operate as barriers between the organism and the environment. The endocrine system coordinates the
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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, Luine et al. 1998 , Pratchayasakul et al. 2015 ). Taken together, these findings suggested that sex hormones are required to preserve cognitive function for each gender. Although it has already been reported that the deficiency of these hormones
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Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Introduction This review on growth hormone (GH) and Klotho covers novel findings on a well-known hormone, the first to be extracted and characterized from the pituitary gland, and a more recently, accidentally discovered multifunctional protein. To
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, predominantly from animal studies, also suggests a direct reciprocal relationship exists between the thyroid gland and the immune system ( Fabris et al . 1995 , Klein 2006 ). Thyroid hormones are involved in numerous physiological processes, such as
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mice’ could facilitate clonality research of endocrine organs ( Ma et al . 2010 ). Endocrine tissues with a high level of hormonal responsiveness are often nodular or undergo nodular hyperplasia or neoplastic formation. Appropriate interpretation of
Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Headingley Campus, Leeds, UK
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, King et al. 2010 ). This phenomenon, termed the ‘anorexia of exercise’ ( King et al. 1994 ), is often coupled with anorexigenic changes in appetite-associated hormones ( Schubert et al. 2014 ). While the exercise intensity dependency of post
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nicotine are likely to have their own effects or to have combined effects, including interactions with nicotine, resulting in altered nutritional and hormonal profiles of the offspring. Some compounds of cigarette smoke such as perchlorate and thiocyanate
Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Mexico City 09340, México
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Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Mexico City 09340, México
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Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Mexico City 09340, México
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Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Mexico City 09340, México
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Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Mexico City 09340, México
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Introduction Sex hormones, prolactin (PRL), and thyroid hormones (TH) modulate, in a synergistic or antagonistic manner, several aspects of reproductive physiology ( Longcope 2000 a , 2000 b , Cooke et al. 2004 ). The prostate is
Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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al. 2006 , Rose & Auble 2012 , Casano-Sancho et al. 2013 , Reifschneider et al. 2015 ). Endocrinopathies are defined as long-lasting changes in the production, release, circulation, and/or regulation of hormones. Some studies have found that
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SUMMARY
Immunoassays specific for limited regions of bovine parathyroid hormone were developed in four ways.
With the heterogeneous antisera produced by immunizing with intact bovine parathyroid hormone (BPTH 1–84), the specificity of radioimmunoassays could be enhanced by presaturating either with an amino-terminal (BPTH 1–34) or carboxy-terminal (BPTH 53–84) fragment. Then, the antibodies which had not been neutralized reacted exclusively with the opposite end of the molecule, even using [125I]BPTH 1–84 as tracer. With some antisera, the appropriate fragment and intact hormone reacted identically. However, with other antisera, the fragment reacted less well than the intact hormone, possibly because these antisera contain antibodies reacting with the middle of the molecule.
Using the labelled fragment ([125I]BPTH 1–34) as tracer, with heterogeneous antisera, radioimmunoassays specific for the amino-terminal region were obtained. With one antiserum, BPTH 1–34 reacted identically with the intact hormone, but with another antiserum, the fragment was more reactive than the intact molecule.
A region-specific radioimmunoassay was also developed using antibodies produced by immunization with a fragment of the hormone. An antiserum raised against BPTH 1–34 had high affinity for the amino-terminal fragment, but reacted less well with the intact hormone.
Immunoradiometric assays, specific for the amino- or carboxy-terminal regions, were developed by using immunoadsorbents consisting of a fragment (either BPTH 1–34 or BPTH 53–84) coupled to cellulose. These were used to fractionate 125I-labelled antibodies. With some of these selected antibodies, the appropriate fragment was of lower reactivity than the intact hormone. This may have been due to the presence of an incomplete antigenic site on the fragment, or to conformational differences between the fragment and the corresponding region of the intact hormone. With other selected antibodies the fragment and the intact molecule reacted identically.
Careful selection of antisera and of technique is necessary to obtain an assay in which a fragment and the intact hormone behave identically.