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Márcia Santos Wagner Endocrine Division, Thyroid Section, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-033, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

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Simone Magagnin Wajner Endocrine Division, Thyroid Section, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-033, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

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Ana Luiza Maia Endocrine Division, Thyroid Section, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-033, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

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shown to reduce the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormones, LH, FSH, GH, and testicular testosterone in rats, and all these changes seem to be corrected by T 4 administration. Therefore, many of the testicular changes observed in prolonged

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Abhaya Krishnan Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

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Sridhar Muthusami Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

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59 – 76 . ( doi:10.2174/187153006776056666 ) Cedars MI Steingold KA de Ziegler D Lapolt PS Chang RJ Judd HL 1992 Long-term administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and dexamethasone: assessment of the

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Valerie M Harris Division of Endocrinology, Department of Physiology, Division of Endocrinology, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Beaubien Boulevard, 421 E. Canfield, Detroit, Michigan 48201-2119, USA

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Sachin V Bendre Division of Endocrinology, Department of Physiology, Division of Endocrinology, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Beaubien Boulevard, 421 E. Canfield, Detroit, Michigan 48201-2119, USA

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Francina Gonzalez De Los Santos
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Alemu Fite Division of Endocrinology, Department of Physiology, Division of Endocrinology, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Beaubien Boulevard, 421 E. Canfield, Detroit, Michigan 48201-2119, USA

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Ahmad El-Yaman El-Dandachli
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Lyazat Kurenbekova Division of Endocrinology, Department of Physiology, Division of Endocrinology, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Beaubien Boulevard, 421 E. Canfield, Detroit, Michigan 48201-2119, USA

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Abdul B Abou-Samra Division of Endocrinology, Department of Physiology, Division of Endocrinology, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Beaubien Boulevard, 421 E. Canfield, Detroit, Michigan 48201-2119, USA

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Colleen Buggs-Saxton
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Metabolism 73 35 – 41 . doi:10.1210/jcem-73-1-35 . Chappell PE Schneider JS Kim P Xu M Lydon JP O'Malley BW Levine JE 1999 Absence of gonadotropin surges and gonadotropin-releasing hormone self-priming in ovariectomized (OVX), estrogen

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Michelle C Melo Department of Morphology, Reproductive Biology Group, Institute of Marine Research, Institute of Marine Research, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Department of Morphology, Reproductive Biology Group, Institute of Marine Research, Institute of Marine Research, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

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Eva Andersson Department of Morphology, Reproductive Biology Group, Institute of Marine Research, Institute of Marine Research, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

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Per Gunnar Fjelldal Department of Morphology, Reproductive Biology Group, Institute of Marine Research, Institute of Marine Research, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

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Jan Bogerd Department of Morphology, Reproductive Biology Group, Institute of Marine Research, Institute of Marine Research, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

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Luiz R França Department of Morphology, Reproductive Biology Group, Institute of Marine Research, Institute of Marine Research, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

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Geir Lasse Taranger Department of Morphology, Reproductive Biology Group, Institute of Marine Research, Institute of Marine Research, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

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Rüdiger W Schulz Department of Morphology, Reproductive Biology Group, Institute of Marine Research, Institute of Marine Research, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

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mRNA levels reached maximum values in a steep increase from the beginning of January. The steroidogenic activity of Fsh in fish has been discussed above. Classically, the production and release of gonadotropin would be stimulated by GNRH, acting via the

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L A Nolan Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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A Levy Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK

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is increased in spontaneous prolactinomas of aged rats. Pituitary 5 5 –10. Childs GV & Unabia G 2001 Epidermal growth factor and gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulate proliferation of enriched population of

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Arnaud Lacombe Departments of Human Genetics, Pediatrics, and Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Gonda Center, University of California, Room 6357, 695 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U676, Hôpital Robert-Debré, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, F-75019 Paris, France
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology L334, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97201-3098, USA
Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité Mixte de Recherche, 6187 Pôle Biologie Santé, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers, France
Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Neurosciences Research Building, 655 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA

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Vincent Lelievre Departments of Human Genetics, Pediatrics, and Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Gonda Center, University of California, Room 6357, 695 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U676, Hôpital Robert-Debré, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, F-75019 Paris, France
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology L334, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97201-3098, USA
Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité Mixte de Recherche, 6187 Pôle Biologie Santé, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers, France
Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Neurosciences Research Building, 655 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA

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Charles E Roselli Departments of Human Genetics, Pediatrics, and Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Gonda Center, University of California, Room 6357, 695 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U676, Hôpital Robert-Debré, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, F-75019 Paris, France
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology L334, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97201-3098, USA
Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité Mixte de Recherche, 6187 Pôle Biologie Santé, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers, France
Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Neurosciences Research Building, 655 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA

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Jean-Marc Muller Departments of Human Genetics, Pediatrics, and Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Gonda Center, University of California, Room 6357, 695 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U676, Hôpital Robert-Debré, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, F-75019 Paris, France
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology L334, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97201-3098, USA
Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité Mixte de Recherche, 6187 Pôle Biologie Santé, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers, France
Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Neurosciences Research Building, 655 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA

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James A Waschek Departments of Human Genetics, Pediatrics, and Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Gonda Center, University of California, Room 6357, 695 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U676, Hôpital Robert-Debré, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, F-75019 Paris, France
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology L334, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97201-3098, USA
Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité Mixte de Recherche, 6187 Pôle Biologie Santé, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers, France
Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Neurosciences Research Building, 655 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA

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Eric Vilain Departments of Human Genetics, Pediatrics, and Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Gonda Center, University of California, Room 6357, 695 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U676, Hôpital Robert-Debré, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, F-75019 Paris, France
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology L334, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97201-3098, USA
Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité Mixte de Recherche, 6187 Pôle Biologie Santé, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers, France
Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California, Neurosciences Research Building, 655 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA

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development and functions, especially testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. Anatomical evidence indicates that gonadotropin-releasing hormone cells in the hypothalamus are innervated by VIP-ergic neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus ( van der Beek

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XingJia Wang Departments of Neuropsychiatry, Garrison Institute on Aging,
Cell Biology and Biochemistry,
Neuropsychiatry, and
Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA

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Chwan-Li Shen Departments of Neuropsychiatry, Garrison Institute on Aging,
Cell Biology and Biochemistry,
Neuropsychiatry, and
Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA

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Matthew T Dyson Departments of Neuropsychiatry, Garrison Institute on Aging,
Cell Biology and Biochemistry,
Neuropsychiatry, and
Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA

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Xianling Yin Departments of Neuropsychiatry, Garrison Institute on Aging,
Cell Biology and Biochemistry,
Neuropsychiatry, and
Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA

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Randolph B Schiffer Departments of Neuropsychiatry, Garrison Institute on Aging,
Cell Biology and Biochemistry,
Neuropsychiatry, and
Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA

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Paula Grammas Departments of Neuropsychiatry, Garrison Institute on Aging,
Cell Biology and Biochemistry,
Neuropsychiatry, and
Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA

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Douglas M Stocco Departments of Neuropsychiatry, Garrison Institute on Aging,
Cell Biology and Biochemistry,
Neuropsychiatry, and
Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA

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). Endocrine Research 26 653 –662. Moraga PF , Llanos MN & Ronco AM 1997 Arachidonic acid release from rat Leydig cells depends on the presence of luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotrophin receptors. Journal of

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Cassandra C Yap School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

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Michaela D Wharfe School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

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Peter J Mark School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

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Brendan J Waddell School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

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Jeremy T Smith School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

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Introduction Kisspeptin neurons are the afferent population that is critical for stimulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, to drive the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis. Gonadal sex steroids exert feedback actions

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Stamatis Varsamos Adaptation Ecophysiologique et Ontogenèse, UMR 5171, GPIA, Université Montpellier II, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC092, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
IGH/UPR, CNRS 1142, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Benoît Xuereb Adaptation Ecophysiologique et Ontogenèse, UMR 5171, GPIA, Université Montpellier II, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC092, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
IGH/UPR, CNRS 1142, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Thérèse Commes Adaptation Ecophysiologique et Ontogenèse, UMR 5171, GPIA, Université Montpellier II, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC092, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
IGH/UPR, CNRS 1142, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Gert Flik Adaptation Ecophysiologique et Ontogenèse, UMR 5171, GPIA, Université Montpellier II, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC092, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
IGH/UPR, CNRS 1142, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Céline Spanings-Pierrot Adaptation Ecophysiologique et Ontogenèse, UMR 5171, GPIA, Université Montpellier II, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC092, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
IGH/UPR, CNRS 1142, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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, Lepeophtheirus salmonis , by quantitative real-time PCR. Veterinary Parasitology 118 169 –174. Fruchtman S , Gift B, Howes B & Borski R 2001 Insulin-like growth factor-I augments prolactin and inhibits growth hormone release

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Ting Chen State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China

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Zhiguo Tang State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China

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Aifen Yan State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China

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Wensheng Li State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China

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Haoran Lin State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China

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of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and dopamine on growth hormone release and growth hormone mRNA expression in Epinephelus coioides . Sheng Li Xue Bao 56 644 – 650 . Richards MP Poch SM McMurtry JP 2006 Characterization of turkey and

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