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Gunn & Gould (1958) introduced evidence of inherent testicular rhythms in the laboratory rat. They reported that the uptake of radioactively labelled zinc by the dorsolateral prostate (DLP) during the span of 1 year shows two distinct maxima, in February and in June. Further support of this concept came from studies of androgen biosynthesis by the rat testis in vitro (Ellis, 1970). Recent investigations in this laboratory reveal additional, more direct, information concerning rhythmic endocrine performance and also the possibility of a rhythm in gametogenic function of the rat testis. Male Sprague—Dawley rats, 4 weeks of age, were housed individually in suspended wire-mesh cages at room temperature (21 ± 1 °C) and relative humidity (45–65%). The daily lighting cycle was 12 h light: 12 h darkness (lights on 06·00–18·00 h) and the animals received food and water ad libitum. Functions of the testes were subsequently examined with groups of six
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Information about the action of vasopressin on the structure of the rat kidney is relatively meagre. Byrom (1939) has described the histological lesions in the rat kidney induced by enormous amounts of Pitressin as 'direct infarction or ischaemic degenerative changes short of infarction of specialized parenchyma...', but emphasized that 'after smaller doses (5–20 units) no definite lesions are seen unless injections are repeated daily or twice daily for at least 3 days'. The lesions were attributed to vascular spasm. However, from experiments on the effect of small doses of Pitressin on the renal circulation of hamsters (Thurau, Deetjen & Kramer, 1960) and rats (Fourman & Kennedy, 1966) it has been suggested that renal blood flow is affected, possibly because of vascular constriction.
The present study was designed to determine the dose of Pitressin which induces histological lesions of the rat kidney. Albino (Wistar) rats of both sexes, weighing 180–240 g,
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SUMMARY
Rat liver when treated with bovine growth hormone produced a humoral factor ('sulphation factor') which stimulated cartilage growth directly; the results indicate that this humoral factor differs from growth hormone.
Perfusion of rat liver and incubation of rat liver slices with bovine growth hormone stimulated the production of 'sulphation factor' as measured by the uptake of 35S into rat cartilage. The liver required a long exposure to the hormone before the 'sulphation factor' was produced and was still capable of 'sulphation factor' production after growth hormone treatment had ceased.
The age and condition of the animal influenced the time necessary for growth hormone to act on the liver and the persistence of its effects. Disruption of liver slices by freezing and thawing, and by homogenization, destroyed their ability to produce 'sulphation factor' on addition of growth hormone.
Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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opening and closure of voltage-dependent calcium channels and other voltage-dependent channels. There is evidence that linoleic acid (LA) influences the action of voltage-dependent potassium channels on the membrane of rat pancreatic β-cells via GPR40 and
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, Richards 2001 ). It was reported that FSH stimulated gap junction formation and turnover in rat ovarian granulosa cells ( Burghardt & Matheson 1982 ). The expression of Cx43 was increased with follicular growth and decreased after the ovulatory luteinizing
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ABSTRACT
Binding of 3,5,3′-tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) to components of perfused rat liver supernatant fraction and isolated liver cell cytosol was studied. Of the four binding fractions in supernatant (X, A, Y and Z) separable by gel chromatography, both T3 and T4 bound preferentially to the A-fraction, which was shown to contain albumin as the major binding protein. When cytosol prepared from isolated cells was examined, T4 was again bound mainly in the A-fraction; however, T3 was observed to bind predominantly in the Y-region. Hormone binding to soluble protein in the latter system is thought to reflect the pattern in vivo, better than does binding in supernatant, although the possibility exists that the concentration of albumin observed in cytosol may be artifically high due to transfer of membrane-bound albumin during cell disruption. Nevertheless, albumin (possibly derived from more than one intracellular source) is capable of binding T4 in vivo. The presence of this protein within the hepatocyte may thus contribute to the high T4 binding capacity of the liver compared to other tissues.
J. Endocr. (1984) 103, 265–271
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SUMMARY
Glycogen synthetase, phosphorylase and glycogen were determined biochemically in the smooth muscle of the rat uterus following a single s.c. injection (10 μg.) of oestradiol dipropionate. The ovariectomized animals were killed 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr. after the hormone treatment. From 12 to 96 hr. glycogen synthetase activity was significantly greater than in the untreated control rats. Phosphorylase activity was significantly less than in the controls at 12 hr. and greater from 48 to 96 hr. After the initial drop, control phosphorylase values were obtained between 24 and 48 hr. From 12 to 96 hr. the glycogen concentration was greater than in the control animals.
The results show that oestrogen increased glycogen synthetase activity in the smooth muscle of the uterus soon after the hormone treatment, and with the increase in enzymic activity the glycogen concentration was also increased. They indicate that, during the early phase of glycogen synthesis, oestrogen stimulates glycogenesis by increasing glycogen synthetase activity and suppresses glycogenolysis by inhibiting phosphorylase activity. The glycogen concentration at later stages did not alter significantly, and this may have been due to the build-up and breakdown of the carbohydrate by the action of glycogen synthetase and phosphorylase, respectively.
Department of Zoology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Department of Zoology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Department of Zoology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Department of Zoology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Department of Zoology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Department of Zoology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Department of Zoology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Department of Zoology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Introduction In adult rat testes, the blood–testis barrier (BTB) is composed of co-existing tight (TJ) and adherens junctions (AJ; e.g. basal ectoplasmic specialization (basal ES), an actin-based testis-specific AJ type) between
Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
Second Department of Surgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
Second Department of Surgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
Second Department of Surgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
Second Department of Surgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
Second Department of Surgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
Second Department of Surgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
Second Department of Surgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
Second Department of Surgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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Kip1-expressing cells in the rat adrenal by immunohistochemical analysis. It was revealed that p27Kip1 was expressed abundantly in the medulla of control adrenal, with a relatively low expression in the zona glomerulosa and the zona fasciculata (Fig. 3
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SUMMARY
Ovarian tissue of prenatal, newborn, and 5-day-old rats does not specifically bind 125Ilabelled HCG. Specific binding of HCG was first observed in ovaries of 10-day-old animals and binding increased with age. These results indicate that, contrary to rat testis, the HCG receptor in the rat ovary is not present during foetal and early postnatal development. Thus, the insensitivity of the ovary to endogenous and exogenous LH or HCG during this developmental period is due to the lack of specific receptors.