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University of Lübeck, Department of Internal Medicine I, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
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University of Lübeck, Department of Internal Medicine I, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
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University of Lübeck, Department of Internal Medicine I, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
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University of Lübeck, Department of Internal Medicine I, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
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University of Lübeck, Department of Internal Medicine I, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
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University of Lübeck, Department of Internal Medicine I, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
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University of Lübeck, Department of Internal Medicine I, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
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balance. Cell 104 531 –543. Stephens JM & Pekala PH 1991 Transcriptional repression of the GLUT4 and C/EBP genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Journal of Biological Chemistry 266 21839 –21845
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the AT secretome, these factors may originate from adipocytes or other cells in AT, such as immune cells and vascular cells. We examined the effect of STAT4-sufficient and -deficient AT secretome on aortic gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines
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Introduction The forkhead box (FOX) family of transcription factors are conserved developmental regulators, playing diverse roles in cell differentiation, apoptosis and tumorigenesis ( Brunet et al. 1999 , Schmidt et al. 2002 , Stahl et
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Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Division of Diabetes, Third Institute of Oceanography, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Light Hall, Room 711, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Division of Diabetes, Third Institute of Oceanography, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Light Hall, Room 711, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Division of Diabetes, Third Institute of Oceanography, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Light Hall, Room 711, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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components of a biological process ( Lieschke & Currie 2007 ). Many signaling pathways and transcription factors important for mammalian pancreatic α- and β-cell development are conserved in zebrafish ( Biemar et al . 2001 , Field et al . 2003 , Hesselson
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, RM525, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
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Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, RM525, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
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Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, RM525, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
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Introduction Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is the most proximal element of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, a system that coordinates the body response to systemic stress ( Selye 1936 , Vale et al. 1981
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Introduction
Nuclear receptors
The cell's long-term response to environmental stimuli is associated with changes in cellular proliferation, differentiation and metabolism mediated by the modification of the protein content of a cell via differential gene expression. Transcription factors that regulate the activity of specific genes receive such stimuli in different ways. Peptide hormones, growth factors and neurotransmitters bind and activate cell surface receptors, initiating a cascade of intracellular signals by a complex system of secondary messengers that leads to the activation of transcription factors. Other transcription factors that are responsive to steroid and thyroid hormones, retinoids and other signalling molecules belong to the distinct class of nuclear receptors present in the cytoplasm or nucleus. Direct and high affinity binding of a specific signalling molecule or ligand activates the nuclear receptors to exert control on the rate of transcription of target genes via interaction with specific DNA sequences
Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
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. Carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) is one of the key transcription factors regulating DNL in liver and intestine ( Iizuka et al . 2004 , Kim et al . 2016 , 2017 , Liu et al . 2017 , Shi et al . 2020 ). Although ChREBP is also
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Introduction
Retinoic acid and thyroid hormones regulate gene expression by binding to intracellular proteins that are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors. Members of this gene family activate transcription by binding to specific DNA sequences, termed response elements, that are generally located in the vicinity of target genes. Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) and retinoic acid receptors (RARs) can exert either of two effects on the transcription of target genes. In the absence of ligand, both the RAR and TR strongly repress transcription from promoters to which they bind. In the presence of an activating ligand, this repressive effect is relieved and transcription is markedly stimulated. As a result, a very large dynamic range in the level of transcriptional activity can be achieved. Recognition of DNA response elements by nuclear receptors is mediated by a central, highly conserved DNA binding domain, while ligand binding, dimerization and transcriptional activation
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Glycation and Diabetes Group, Mater Clinical School, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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pathways, activated by transmembrane sensors located in the ER membrane. These three major pathways are the inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and the PKR-like ER kinase (PERK)-mediated response. When protein
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chrysin induced a concentration-dependent increase in StAR promoter activity. Similar results were obtained in RT-PCR analysis of StAR mRNA levels. To further understand how this natural flavonoid enhanced StAR gene transcription, the transcription factors
