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Benoit Cox Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium

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Heleen Roose Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium

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Annelies Vennekens Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium

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Hugo Vankelecom Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium

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expression of Twists via ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling, leading to progression of EMT. CXCR4 may also activate WNT signaling (dashed line). The WNT pathway (purple) inhibits the phosphorylation of SNAILs by GSK3B, thereby increasing the stability of SNAILs

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Emin Umit Bagriacik Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, Department of Hematology, Endocrinology Department, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, Department of Hematology, Endocrinology Department, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey

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Melek Yaman Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, Department of Hematology, Endocrinology Department, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey

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Rauf Haznedar Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, Department of Hematology, Endocrinology Department, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey

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Gulsan Sucak Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, Department of Hematology, Endocrinology Department, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey

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Tuncay Delibasi Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, Department of Hematology, Endocrinology Department, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey

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), MYST histone acetyltransferase 2 (MYST2), neurogenin 2 (NEUROG2), sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box 1 (SOX1), sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box 2 (SOX2). (C) Gene expression for signaling pathways related to stem cell maintenance such as WNT pathway

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Tatiana Dorfman Laboratory of Intestinal Adaptation and Recovery, Departments of Pediatric Surgery B, Pathology, Section of Pediatric Surgery, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

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Yulia Pollak Laboratory of Intestinal Adaptation and Recovery, Departments of Pediatric Surgery B, Pathology, Section of Pediatric Surgery, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

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Rima Sohotnik Laboratory of Intestinal Adaptation and Recovery, Departments of Pediatric Surgery B, Pathology, Section of Pediatric Surgery, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

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Arnold G Coran Laboratory of Intestinal Adaptation and Recovery, Departments of Pediatric Surgery B, Pathology, Section of Pediatric Surgery, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

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Jacob Bejar Laboratory of Intestinal Adaptation and Recovery, Departments of Pediatric Surgery B, Pathology, Section of Pediatric Surgery, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

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Igor Sukhotnik Laboratory of Intestinal Adaptation and Recovery, Departments of Pediatric Surgery B, Pathology, Section of Pediatric Surgery, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
Laboratory of Intestinal Adaptation and Recovery, Departments of Pediatric Surgery B, Pathology, Section of Pediatric Surgery, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

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gastrointestinal mucosa ( Lu et al . 2004 , Turashvili et al . 2006 ). Two Wnt pathways have been identified: the canonical or Wnt/β-catenin pathway and a noncanonical pathway or β-catenin-independent pathway ( Hwang et al . 2009 ). In the canonical pathway

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Thomas Funck-Brentano Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Karin H Nilsson Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Robert Brommage Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Petra Henning Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Ulf H Lerner Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Antti Koskela Unit of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, MRC Oulu and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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Juha Tuukkanen Unit of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, MRC Oulu and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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Martine Cohen-Solal BIOSCAR UMRS 1132, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, Paris, France

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Sofia Movérare-Skrtic Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Claes Ohlsson Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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therapies targeting the WNT pathway have recently been described ( Smith et al. 2013 , O’Cearbhaill et al. 2016 ). Among them, vantictumab ( Smith et al. 2013 ), a monoclonal antibody against several Frizzled (FZD) receptors and ipafricept ( O

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Emily G Farrow
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Lelia J Summers
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Susan C Schiavi Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Genzyme, Oregon Health and Science University, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 West Walnut Street, IB130, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA

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James A McCormick Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Genzyme, Oregon Health and Science University, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 West Walnut Street, IB130, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA

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David H Ellison Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Genzyme, Oregon Health and Science University, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 West Walnut Street, IB130, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA

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Kenneth E White
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renal DCT in the FGF23-injected animals ( Fig. 5 b). Thus, in a similar manner to p-ERK1/2, p-β-cat activity was spatially separate from PT Npt2a expression. Figure 5 Wnt pathway in renal FGF23 signaling. (a) Strong p-β-catenin signaling was detected in

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Andrei G Gunin Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School Chuvash State University, PO Box 86, 428034, Cheboksary, Russia

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Irina N Kapitova Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School Chuvash State University, PO Box 86, 428034, Cheboksary, Russia

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Nina V Suslonova Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School Chuvash State University, PO Box 86, 428034, Cheboksary, Russia

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component of the Wnt-pathway ( Cong et al. 2003 ). β-Catenin provides intercellular adhesion and it is possible that if its concentration is high, cell–cell connection is more stable and that this protects from the formation of precancerous changes. In the

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Benoit Cox Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium

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Emma Laporte Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium

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Annelies Vennekens Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium

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Hiroto Kobayashi Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
Department of Anatomy and Structural Science, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan

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Charlotte Nys Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium

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Indra Van Zundert Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Hiroshi Uji-i Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Alizée Vercauteren Drubbel Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Brussels, Belgium

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Benjamin Beck Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Brussels, Belgium
WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

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Heleen Roose Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium

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Matteo Boretto Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium

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Hugo Vankelecom Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium

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-organize when embedded in an extracellular matrix scaffold (like Matrigel) and provided with the appropriate stem cell niche growth and regulatory factors. Typically, the Wingless-type MMTV integration site (WNT) pathway, further boosted by activation of leucine

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Nicholaos I Papachristou Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Unit of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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Harry C Blair Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Pittsburgh VA Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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Kyriakos E Kypreos Department of Pharmacology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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Dionysios J Papachristou Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Unit of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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(FZD) and the extracellular domain of the LDL receptor–related proteins (LRPs) -5 and -6 (in vertebrates) ( Pandur & Kuhl 2001 ). Among the common substrates of the Wnt/β -catenin cascade, which is referred as the ‘canonical Wnt pathway’, are RUNX2, COX

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Yarikipati Prathibha Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

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Balasubramanian Senthilkumaran Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

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be important in the regulation of genes directing differentiation in multiple organs ( Viger et al . 2008 ), might be having interactions with Wnt pathway for ovarian development. FOXO1 is member of forkhead box O family of transcription factors that

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K A Staines
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A S Pollard
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I M McGonnell
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C Farquharson Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK

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A A Pitsillides
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) , Tickle (2003) , Towers & Tickle (2009) and Wolpert (2010) ). Recent emerging evidence has suggested that planar cell polarity, a non-canonical WNT pathway involving the cadherins Fat and Dachsous (Fat/Dchs), is also important in embryonic skeletal

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