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Kishor Devalaraja-Narashimha Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5850, USA

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Babu J Padanilam Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5850, USA
Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5850, USA

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with WT mice on high-fat diet ( n =7–8). Basal metabolic rate and energy expenditure are decreased in Parp -KO mice. (B) Comparison of the oxygen consumption for a period of 24 h for WT and Parp -KO mice that were fed HF diet for 19 weeks. (C

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Nailliw Z Preite Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
Department of Translational Medicine, EPM, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

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Bruna P P do Nascimento Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
Department of Translational Medicine, EPM, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

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Cynthia R Muller Experimental Pathophysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

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Anna Laura V Américo Experimental Pathophysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

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Talita S Higa School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

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Fabiana S Evangelista School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

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Carmen L Lancellotti Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Santa Casa, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

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Felipe dos Santos Henriques Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Integrated Group of Biotechnology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil

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Miguel Luiz Batista Jr Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Integrated Group of Biotechnology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil

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Antonio C Bianco Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Miriam O Ribeiro Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

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Introduction A balance between food intake and energy expenditure is essential to preserve fuel homeostasis. Changes in caloric intake trigger physiological responses that include adaptive modifications in appetite, metabolic rate and energy

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Beatriz S Amorim Biological Science Course, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Lipids Laboratory (LIM 10) Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Emergency, School of Arts, AFIP and Pathology, CCBS, Presbyterian University Mackenzie, Rua da Consolação, 930 Prédio 38, Curso de Biologia, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil
Biological Science Course, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Lipids Laboratory (LIM 10) Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Emergency, School of Arts, AFIP and Pathology, CCBS, Presbyterian University Mackenzie, Rua da Consolação, 930 Prédio 38, Curso de Biologia, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil

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Cintia B Ueta Biological Science Course, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Lipids Laboratory (LIM 10) Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Emergency, School of Arts, AFIP and Pathology, CCBS, Presbyterian University Mackenzie, Rua da Consolação, 930 Prédio 38, Curso de Biologia, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil
Biological Science Course, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Lipids Laboratory (LIM 10) Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Emergency, School of Arts, AFIP and Pathology, CCBS, Presbyterian University Mackenzie, Rua da Consolação, 930 Prédio 38, Curso de Biologia, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil

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Beatriz C G Freitas Biological Science Course, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Lipids Laboratory (LIM 10) Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Emergency, School of Arts, AFIP and Pathology, CCBS, Presbyterian University Mackenzie, Rua da Consolação, 930 Prédio 38, Curso de Biologia, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil

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Renata J Nassif Biological Science Course, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Lipids Laboratory (LIM 10) Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Emergency, School of Arts, AFIP and Pathology, CCBS, Presbyterian University Mackenzie, Rua da Consolação, 930 Prédio 38, Curso de Biologia, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil

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Cecília Helena de Azevedo Gouveia Biological Science Course, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Lipids Laboratory (LIM 10) Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Emergency, School of Arts, AFIP and Pathology, CCBS, Presbyterian University Mackenzie, Rua da Consolação, 930 Prédio 38, Curso de Biologia, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil

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Marcelo A Christoffolete Biological Science Course, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Lipids Laboratory (LIM 10) Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Emergency, School of Arts, AFIP and Pathology, CCBS, Presbyterian University Mackenzie, Rua da Consolação, 930 Prédio 38, Curso de Biologia, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil

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Anselmo S Moriscot Biological Science Course, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Lipids Laboratory (LIM 10) Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Emergency, School of Arts, AFIP and Pathology, CCBS, Presbyterian University Mackenzie, Rua da Consolação, 930 Prédio 38, Curso de Biologia, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil

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Carmen Lucia Lancelloti Biological Science Course, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Lipids Laboratory (LIM 10) Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Emergency, School of Arts, AFIP and Pathology, CCBS, Presbyterian University Mackenzie, Rua da Consolação, 930 Prédio 38, Curso de Biologia, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil

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Flávia Llimona Biological Science Course, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Lipids Laboratory (LIM 10) Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Emergency, School of Arts, AFIP and Pathology, CCBS, Presbyterian University Mackenzie, Rua da Consolação, 930 Prédio 38, Curso de Biologia, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil

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Hermes Vieira Barbeiro Biological Science Course, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Lipids Laboratory (LIM 10) Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Emergency, School of Arts, AFIP and Pathology, CCBS, Presbyterian University Mackenzie, Rua da Consolação, 930 Prédio 38, Curso de Biologia, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil

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Heraldo Possolo de Souza Biological Science Course, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Lipids Laboratory (LIM 10) Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Emergency, School of Arts, AFIP and Pathology, CCBS, Presbyterian University Mackenzie, Rua da Consolação, 930 Prédio 38, Curso de Biologia, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil

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Sergio Catanozi Biological Science Course, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Lipids Laboratory (LIM 10) Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Emergency, School of Arts, AFIP and Pathology, CCBS, Presbyterian University Mackenzie, Rua da Consolação, 930 Prédio 38, Curso de Biologia, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil

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Marisa Passarelli Biological Science Course, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Lipids Laboratory (LIM 10) Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Emergency, School of Arts, AFIP and Pathology, CCBS, Presbyterian University Mackenzie, Rua da Consolação, 930 Prédio 38, Curso de Biologia, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil

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Marcelo S Aoki Biological Science Course, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Lipids Laboratory (LIM 10) Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Emergency, School of Arts, AFIP and Pathology, CCBS, Presbyterian University Mackenzie, Rua da Consolação, 930 Prédio 38, Curso de Biologia, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil

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Antonio C Bianco Biological Science Course, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Lipids Laboratory (LIM 10) Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Emergency, School of Arts, AFIP and Pathology, CCBS, Presbyterian University Mackenzie, Rua da Consolação, 930 Prédio 38, Curso de Biologia, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil

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Miriam O Ribeiro Biological Science Course, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Lipids Laboratory (LIM 10) Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Emergency, School of Arts, AFIP and Pathology, CCBS, Presbyterian University Mackenzie, Rua da Consolação, 930 Prédio 38, Curso de Biologia, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil

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period, animals were studied for resting metabolic rate (RMR), glucose tolerance test (GTT), and insulin tolerance test (ITT). Animals were subsequently killed by exsanguinations under urethane anesthesia, and blood processed for plasma isolation and

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Rumana Yasmeen Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

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Qiwen Shen Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

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Aejin Lee Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

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Jacob H Leung Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

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Devan Kowdley Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

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David J DiSilvestro Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

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Lu Xu Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China

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Kefeng Yang Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

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Andrei Maiseyeu Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

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Naresh C Bal Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India

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Muthu Periasamy Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

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Paolo Fadda Nucleic Acid Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

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Ouliana Ziouzenkova Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

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treated mice. Metabolic rate was calculated based on rate of oxygen consumption measured in the acclimated, individually housed mice for 24 h at an ambient temperature (RT) and after 6 h cold-exposure in metabolic cages. The basal metabolic rate was

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Alvaro Souto Padron Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Instituto de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica (INPeTAM), CCS-Bloco G- Cidade Universitria, Ilha do Fundo, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil

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Ruy Andrade Louzada Neto Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Instituto de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica (INPeTAM), CCS-Bloco G- Cidade Universitria, Ilha do Fundo, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Instituto de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica (INPeTAM), CCS-Bloco G- Cidade Universitria, Ilha do Fundo, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil

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Thiago Urgal Pantaleão Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Instituto de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica (INPeTAM), CCS-Bloco G- Cidade Universitria, Ilha do Fundo, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil

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Maria Carolina de Souza dos Santos Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Instituto de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica (INPeTAM), CCS-Bloco G- Cidade Universitria, Ilha do Fundo, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil

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Renata Lopes Araujo Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Instituto de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica (INPeTAM), CCS-Bloco G- Cidade Universitria, Ilha do Fundo, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil

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Bruno Moulin de Andrade Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Instituto de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica (INPeTAM), CCS-Bloco G- Cidade Universitria, Ilha do Fundo, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil

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Monique da Silva Leandro Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Instituto de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica (INPeTAM), CCS-Bloco G- Cidade Universitria, Ilha do Fundo, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil

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João Pedro Saar Werneck de Castro Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Instituto de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica (INPeTAM), CCS-Bloco G- Cidade Universitria, Ilha do Fundo, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil

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Andrea Claudia Freitas Ferreira Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Instituto de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica (INPeTAM), CCS-Bloco G- Cidade Universitria, Ilha do Fundo, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil

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Denise Pires de Carvalho Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Instituto de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica (INPeTAM), CCS-Bloco G- Cidade Universitria, Ilha do Fundo, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil

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Introduction Compound 3,3′,5-triiodothyronine (T 3 ) exerts many important effects on the basal metabolic rate and increases oxygen consumption. Several years ago, it was shown that 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2) is responsible for certain non

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Mutaz Musa Institute of Medical Science, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3

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Shannon M Fernando Institute of Medical Science, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3

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Diptendu Chatterjee Institute of Medical Science, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3

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D Ashley Monks Institute of Medical Science, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3
Institute of Medical Science, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3

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have marked increases in diaphorase staining of muscle fibers, suggestive of hypermetabolism ( Monks et al . 2007 ). Indeed, HSA-AR rats exhibit increased resting metabolic rate (RMR) as well as increased electron transport chain (ETC) activity within

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J Naufahu Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK

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F Alzaid Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK

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M Fiuza Brito Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK

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B Doslikova Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK

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T Valencia Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK

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A Cunliffe Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK

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J F Murray Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK

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increased metabolic rate, increased locomotor activity or both ( Shimada et al. 1998 , Segal-Lieberman et al. 2003 ). MCH is expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), primarily in the rostral zona incerta/incerto-hypothalamic and the lateral

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John-Paul Fuller-Jackson
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Belinda A Henry Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

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expenditure, with the latter comprised of basal metabolic rate, physical activity and adaptive thermogenesis. Adaptive thermogenesis is defined as specialised heat production and occurs in BAT and skeletal muscle. Cold- and meal-associated stimuli are

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Jarrad M Scarlett Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Mailcode L481, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA

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Darren D Bowe Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Mailcode L481, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA

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Xinxia Zhu Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Mailcode L481, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA

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Ayesha K Batra Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Mailcode L481, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA

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Wilmon F Grant Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Mailcode L481, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA

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Daniel L Marks Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Mailcode L481, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA

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metabolic rate ( Baskin et al . 1999 , Cone et al . 2001 ). This occurs principally via the action of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), a peptide derived from the proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus and brainstem

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R. W. BRIMBLECOMBE
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K. A. PEARCE
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Although 1-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole (Methimazole) has been shown to be more potent than thiouracil in controlling the clinical symptoms of hyperthyroidism (Stanley & Astwood, 1949), little has been published about its effects on normal laboratory animals. It seemed of interest therefore to report results obtained from the use of this substance in the course of experiments for which groups of rats with altered metabolic rates were required. The metabolic rate was raised by administration of triiodothyronine.

EXPERIMENTAL METHODS AND RESULTS

For measurement of metabolic rate, a closed circuit system was used, air being circulated by motor-driven bellows. The animals were contained in four cylindrical glass chambers immersed in a constant temperature water bath. CO2 was absorbed on soda lime and the amount of oxygen consumed measured by specially constructed Krogh-type spirometers, filled with water at the same temperature as that in the main water bath. Each chamber was capable of holding

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