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phospho-isoforms to glucocorticoid-indued genes . Journal of Steroid Biochemistry Molecular Biology 109 150 – 157 . Cerqueira JJ Pêgo JM Taipa R Bessa JM Almeida OF Sousa N 2005 Morphological correlates of corticosteroid
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zoological Station of Naples, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
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Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zoological Station of Naples, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
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Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zoological Station of Naples, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
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B & Serino I 1994 The androgen receptor mRNA is up-regulated by testosterone in both the Harderian gland and thumb pad of the frog, Rana esculenta . Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 51 259 –265
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Department of Animal Biology and Mari Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology Research, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Pathology, Inserm, Department of Cell Biology, Biomedical Graduate School, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S University Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Clague MJ 2003 Endosomal dynamics of Met determine signaling output . Molecular Biology of the Cell 14 1346 – 1354 . Hicke L 2001 Protein regulation by monoubiquitin . Nature Review. Molecular and Cellular Biology 2 195
Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakumamachi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakumamachi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakumamachi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakumamachi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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. Takaki K & Sakurai S 2003 Regulation of prothoracic gland ecdysteroidogenic activity leading to pupal metamorphosis. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 33 1189 –1199. Terashima J & Bownes M 2004 Translating
Laboratory of Hormones and Receptors, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova Str., 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Laboratory of Hormones and Receptors, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova Str., 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Laboratory of Hormones and Receptors, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova Str., 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Laboratory of Hormones and Receptors, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova Str., 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Laboratory of Hormones and Receptors, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova Str., 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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, Rubtsov PM & Smirnova OV 2002 The ratio of prolactin receptor isoforms in rat hepatocytes: the effect of obstructive cholestasis. Molecular Biology (Moscow) 36 71 –73. Bogorad RL , Zenkova TJ, Rubtsov PM & Smirnova OV
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Departments of Physiology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medicine, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology
Departments of Physiology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medicine, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology
Departments of Physiology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medicine, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology
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POMC neurons play a central role in the maintenance of whole-body energy homeostasis. This balance requires proper regulation of POMC neurons by metabolic hormones, such as insulin. However, the heterogeneous cellular population of the intact hypothalamus presents challenges for examining the molecular mechanisms underlying the potent anorexigenic effects of POMC neurons, and there is currently a complete lack of mature POMC neuronal cell models for study. To this end, we have generated novel, immortalized, adult-derived POMC-expressing/α-MSH-secreting cell models, mHypoA-POMC/GFP lines 1–4, representing the fluorescence-activated cell-sorted POMC population from primary POMC-eGFP mouse hypothalamus. The presence of Pomc mRNA in these cell lines was confirmed, and α-MSH was detected via immunofluorescence. α-MSH secretion in the mHypoA-POMC/GFP-1 was found to increase in response to 10 ng/ml ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) or 10 nM insulin as determined by enzyme immunoassay. Further experiments using the mHypoA-POMC/GFP-1 cell line revealed that 10 ng/ml CNTF increases Pomc mRNA at 1 and 2 h after treatment, whereas insulin elicited an increase in Pomc mRNA level and decreases in insulin receptor (Insr (Ir)) mRNA level at 4 h. Furthermore, the activation of IR-mediated downstream second messengers was examined by western blot analysis, following the induction of cellular insulin resistance, which resulted in a loss of insulin-mediated regulation of Pomc and Ir mRNAs. The development of these immortalized neurons will be invaluable for the elucidation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie POMC neuronal function under normal and perturbed physiological conditions.
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Physical inactivity can lead to obesity and fat accumulation in various tissues. Critical complications of obesity include type II diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Exercise has been reported to have ameliorating effects on obesity and NAFLD. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. We showed that liver expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was increased after 4 weeks of treadmill exercise. Phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in human hepatocyte cell lines was enhanced after MIF treatment. These responses were accompanied by increases in lipid oxidation. Moreover, inhibition of either AMPK or cluster of differentiation 74 resulted in inhibition of MIF-induced lipid oxidation. Furthermore, the administration of MIF to a human hepatocyte cell line and mice liver reduced liver X receptor agonist-induced lipid accumulation. Taken together, these results indicate that MIF is highly expressed in the liver during physical exercise and may prevent hepatic steatosis by activating the AMPK pathway.
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-five ancestral genes to derived endocrine systems. Molecular Biology and Evolution 21 1923 –1937. Blanchard P-G & Luu-The V 2007 Differential androgen and estrogen substrates specificity in the mouse and primates type 12 17ß
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. References Bulun SE , Imir G, Utsunomiya H, Thung S, Gurates B, Tamura M & Lin Z 2005 Aromatase in endometriosis and uterine leiomyomata. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 95 57 –62
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–18. Suwa T , Munea T, Moritaa H, Daidoa H, Saiob M & Yasudaa K 2000 Role of rat adrenal antioxidant defense systems in the aldosterone turn-off phenomenon. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 73 71