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Kotaro Horiguchi Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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Ken Fujiwara Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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Cimi Ilmiawati Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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Motoshi Kikuchi Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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Takehiro Tsukada Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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Tom Kouki Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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Takashi Yashiro Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan

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and cyclin D1 production, which suggests that integrin β1 receives laminin as a signal on FS cells and that its signaling activates MAPK signaling cascades, leading to cyclin D1 transcription and contributing to cell cycle progression. However, there

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Raylene A Reimer Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculties of Kinesiology and Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada

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future human trials. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family of signalling molecules, includes extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, p38 MAPK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase/ stress-activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK), ERK3 and ERK5

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Fu-Qing Yu State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yu-quan Road, Beijing 10009, China

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Chun-Sheng Han State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yu-quan Road, Beijing 10009, China

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Wei Yang State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yu-quan Road, Beijing 10009, China

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Xuan Jin State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yu-quan Road, Beijing 10009, China

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Zhao-Yuan Hu State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yu-quan Road, Beijing 10009, China

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Yi-Xun Liu State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yu-quan Road, Beijing 10009, China

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38 MAPK ( Tajima et al. 2003 , Maizels et al. 1998 , Gonazalez-Robayna et al. 2000). Moore et al. (2001) have identified ERK1/2 as the first intracellular signaling molecules that differentially regulate FSH-induced progesterone and

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Manjunath Ramanjaneya
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Alex C Conner
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Jing Chen
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Prashanth Kumar
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James E P Brown
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Olaf Jöhren Warwick Medical School, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Biological Sciences, Warwick University, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

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Hendrik Lehnert Warwick Medical School, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Biological Sciences, Warwick University, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

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Peter R Stanfield Warwick Medical School, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Biological Sciences, Warwick University, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

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Harpal S Randeva
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-induced MAPK activation, including extracellular receptor kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in CHO cells over-expressing OX1R ( Ammoun et al . 2006 a ). Furthermore, roles for intracellular signalling molecules including cAMP (up- and down-regulation) and IP 3 /Ca 2 + were

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Sachie Asamizu 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Masaharu Urakaze 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Chikaaki Kobashi 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Manabu Ishiki 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Amal Khalifa Norel Din 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Shiho Fujisaka 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Yukiko Kanatani 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Agussalim Bukahari 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Satoko Senda 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Hikari Suzuki 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Yuh Yamazaki 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Minoru Iwata 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Isao Usui 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Katsuya Yamazaki 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Hiroshi Ogawa 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Masashi Kobayashi 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Kazuyuki Tobe 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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mediated by extracellular signaling-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38MAPK or NF-κB pathway in cardiovascular cells such as smooth muscle cells ( Funakoshi et al . 2001 ) and cardiac fibroblasts ( Omura et al . 2004 ). However, the cellular signaling

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Georgia Papacleovoulou The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Centre for Reproductive Biology, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

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Hilary O D Critchley The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Centre for Reproductive Biology, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

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Stephen G Hillier The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Centre for Reproductive Biology, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

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J Ian Mason The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Centre for Reproductive Biology, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK

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-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK signalling pathways ( Freshney et al . 1994 ). Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), albeit mostly activated by mitogenic factors, are also activated by IL1α in selective cases ( Bird et al . 1991 , Waterfield et

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Xue Jiang School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong

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Jia Xiao School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong

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Mulan He School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong

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Ani Ma School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong

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Anderson O L Wong School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong

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possible involvement of JAK/STAT, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt cascades in GH-induced type II SOCS expression was examined. Using transfection studies in CHO cells, the effects of over-expression of grass carp type II SOCS on (i) JAK 2 /STAT 5 signaling coupled to

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Parveen Abidi Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Immunology, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA

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Haiyan Zhang Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Immunology, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA

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Syed M Zaidi Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Immunology, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA

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Wen-Jun Shen Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Immunology, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA

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Susan Leers-Sucheta Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Immunology, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA

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Yuan Cortez Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Immunology, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA

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Jiahuai Han Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Immunology, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA

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Salman Azhar Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Immunology, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Immunology, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA

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phosphorylation and activation of MAP kinases ( Lewis et al . 1998 , Martindale & Holbrook 2002 , Matsuzawa & Ichijo 2005 , McCubrey et al . 2006 ). Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathways are well-characterized signaling networks

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Misuzu Yamashita
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Fumio Otsuka
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Tomoyuki Mukai Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Rheumatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City 700-8558, Japan

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Hiroyuki Otani
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Kenichi Inagaki
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Tomoko Miyoshi
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Junko Goto
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Masahiro Yamamura Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Rheumatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City 700-8558, Japan

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Hirofumi Makino
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-total-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 MAPK antibodies (Cell Signaling Technology Inc.), anti-phospho- and anti-total-P38 MAPK antibodies (Cell Signaling Technology Inc.), anti-phospho- and anti-total-stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase

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Chandrika D Mahalingam Division of Endocrinology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 1107 Elliman Clinical Research Building, 421 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA

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Bharat Reddy Sampathi Division of Endocrinology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 1107 Elliman Clinical Research Building, 421 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA

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Sonali Sharma Division of Endocrinology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 1107 Elliman Clinical Research Building, 421 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA

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Tanuka Datta Division of Endocrinology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 1107 Elliman Clinical Research Building, 421 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA

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Varsha Das Division of Endocrinology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 1107 Elliman Clinical Research Building, 421 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA

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Abdul B Abou-Samra Division of Endocrinology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 1107 Elliman Clinical Research Building, 421 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA

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Nabanita S Datta Division of Endocrinology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 1107 Elliman Clinical Research Building, 421 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
Division of Endocrinology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 1107 Elliman Clinical Research Building, 421 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
Division of Endocrinology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 1107 Elliman Clinical Research Building, 421 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA

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intracellular signaling pathways are not well defined relative to specific actions. PTH regulates bone remodeling by activating distinct signaling pathways including MAPK pathways in osteoblasts via PTH receptor-1 (PTH1R; for review, see Datta & Abou

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