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endocrine organ with a wide, biologically active secretome ( Deng & Scherer 2010 ). The molecules released from adipose tissue are commonly referred to as adipokines (or adipocytokines). The list of molecules confirmed as adipokines grows every year, as both
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life nutrition may elicit similar phenotypic outcomes in offspring but these can originate via different mechanistic pathways ( Thompson et al. 2007 , Howie et al. 2012 , 2013 ). The discovery of the adipose tissue-secreting adipokines ( Zhang
Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University Hospital Site, University of Warwick, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
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Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University Hospital Site, University of Warwick, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
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( Hotamisligil 2006 , Ouchi et al . 2011 ). The role of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ, secreting numerous hormones and pro-inflammatory cytokines (adipokines), seems to be central to subclinical inflammation in adipose tissue. And while obesity
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involved in cardiac remodeling in obesity. Consequently, various adipokines have emerged as potential players in the pathophysiology of heart failure via endocrine effects which impact upon cardiac function ( Bradham et al . 2002 , Hopkins et al . 2007
Anatomy and Structural Biology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Anatomy and Structural Biology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Anatomy and Structural Biology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Anatomy and Structural Biology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Anatomy and Structural Biology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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occur. More recently, adipokines have emerged as potential factors that could contribute to energy homeostasis in pregnancy and lactation. White adipose tissue (WAT) is now strongly established as an endocrine tissue that produces a number of
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. 2011 ). Adipose tissue – via the secretion of hormone-like factors, named adipokines – is increasingly recognized as an endocrine and immunological organ actively participating in homeostatic mechanisms including metabolism and immune function
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depots ( Anbalagan et al . 2003 ). However, studies on possible interactions between PCBs and adipokine concentration changes associated with thyroid dysfunction during the early weaning period are scarce. As exposure to environmental contaminants is
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Department of Reproductive Medicine and Biology, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
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endocrine organ secreting hundreds of adipokines ( Tsatsanis et al. 2015 ). Beyond its key homeostatic role in regulating food intake and energy balance, AT importance for the correct functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is increasingly
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occur solely in adipocytes, with preadipocytes viewed as not expressing the gene ( Maffei et al . 1995 , Leroy et al . 1996 , Wang et al . 2005 ). Leptin is one of a growing number of hypoxia-sensitive adipocyte genes, both adipokine and non-adipokine
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first ‘adipokines’ to be identified. This discovery underlined the increasingly apparent fact that adipose tissue is not merely an inert store of triacylglycerols but a highly metabolically active tissue with endocrine and other functions that allow it