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Simon J Dunmore
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James E P Brown Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Research Group, Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Research Institute in Healthcare Science, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK

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endocrine organ with a wide, biologically active secretome ( Deng & Scherer 2010 ). The molecules released from adipose tissue are commonly referred to as adipokines (or adipocytokines). The list of molecules confirmed as adipokines grows every year, as both

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Clare M Reynolds Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

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Mark H Vickers Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

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life nutrition may elicit similar phenotypic outcomes in offspring but these can originate via different mechanistic pathways ( Thompson et al. 2007 , Howie et al. 2012 , 2013 ). The discovery of the adipose tissue-secreting adipokines ( Zhang

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M K Piya Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University Hospital Site, University of Warwick, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University Hospital Site, University of Warwick, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK

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P G McTernan Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University Hospital Site, University of Warwick, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK

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S Kumar Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University Hospital Site, University of Warwick, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University Hospital Site, University of Warwick, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK

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( Hotamisligil 2006 , Ouchi et al . 2011 ). The role of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ, secreting numerous hormones and pro-inflammatory cytokines (adipokines), seems to be central to subclinical inflammation in adipose tissue. And while obesity

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Rengasamy Palanivel Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3

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Vivian Vu Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3

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Min Park Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3

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Xiangping Fang Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3

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Gary Sweeney Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3

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involved in cardiac remodeling in obesity. Consequently, various adipokines have emerged as potential players in the pathophysiology of heart failure via endocrine effects which impact upon cardiac function ( Bradham et al . 2002 , Hopkins et al . 2007

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Tracy Josephs Departments of Biochemistry and
Anatomy and Structural Biology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand

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Hayley Waugh Departments of Biochemistry and
Anatomy and Structural Biology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand

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Ilona Kokay Departments of Biochemistry and
Anatomy and Structural Biology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand

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David Grattan Departments of Biochemistry and
Anatomy and Structural Biology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand

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Mary Thompson Departments of Biochemistry and
Anatomy and Structural Biology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand

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occur. More recently, adipokines have emerged as potential factors that could contribute to energy homeostasis in pregnancy and lactation. White adipose tissue (WAT) is now strongly established as an endocrine tissue that produces a number of

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Miriam Thomalla Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, Giessen, Germany

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Andreas Schmid Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, Giessen, Germany

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Elena Neumann Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Giessen and Kerckhoff Clinic, Bad Nauheim, Germany

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Petra Ina Pfefferle Comprehensive Biomaterial Bank Marburg (CBBMR), Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany

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Ulf Müller-Ladner Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Giessen and Kerckhoff Clinic, Bad Nauheim, Germany

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Andreas Schäffler Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, Giessen, Germany

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Thomas Karrasch Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, Giessen, Germany

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. 2011 ). Adipose tissue – via the secretion of hormone-like factors, named adipokines – is increasingly recognized as an endocrine and immunological organ actively participating in homeostatic mechanisms including metabolism and immune function

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R G Ahmed Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, PO 62514, Egypt

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depots ( Anbalagan et al . 2003 ). However, studies on possible interactions between PCBs and adipokine concentration changes associated with thyroid dysfunction during the early weaning period are scarce. As exposure to environmental contaminants is

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Alice Bongrani UMR 85 Physiology of Reproduction and Behaviour, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE) Centre Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France

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Namya Mellouk UMR 85 Physiology of Reproduction and Behaviour, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE) Centre Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France

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Christelle Ramé UMR 85 Physiology of Reproduction and Behaviour, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE) Centre Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France

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Marion Cornuau Department of Reproductive Medicine and Biology, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France

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Fabrice Guerif UMR 85 Physiology of Reproduction and Behaviour, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE) Centre Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France
Department of Reproductive Medicine and Biology, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France

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Pascal Froment UMR 85 Physiology of Reproduction and Behaviour, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE) Centre Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France

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Joëlle Dupont UMR 85 Physiology of Reproduction and Behaviour, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE) Centre Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France

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endocrine organ secreting hundreds of adipokines ( Tsatsanis et al. 2015 ). Beyond its key homeostatic role in regulating food intake and energy balance, AT importance for the correct functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is increasingly

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Bohan Wang Obesity Biology Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK

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I Stuart Wood Obesity Biology Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK

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Paul Trayhurn Obesity Biology Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK

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occur solely in adipocytes, with preadipocytes viewed as not expressing the gene ( Maffei et al . 1995 , Leroy et al . 1996 , Wang et al . 2005 ). Leptin is one of a growing number of hypoxia-sensitive adipocyte genes, both adipokine and non-adipokine

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Simon J Dunmore Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Research Group, Department of Biomedical Science and Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, Research Institute in Healthcare Science, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK

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first ‘adipokines’ to be identified. This discovery underlined the increasingly apparent fact that adipose tissue is not merely an inert store of triacylglycerols but a highly metabolically active tissue with endocrine and other functions that allow it

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