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Rosemari Otton
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Danielly Oliveira da Silva
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Thais Regina Campoio
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Leonardo R Silveira
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Maria Oliveira de Souza
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Rui Curi
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Keld Fosgerau In vivoPharmacology, Rheoscience, Ledøje Bygade 23B, DK-2765 Ledøje-Smørum, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Discovery and Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia

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Christian Fledelius In vivoPharmacology, Rheoscience, Ledøje Bygade 23B, DK-2765 Ledøje-Smørum, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Discovery and Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia

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Kent E Pedersen In vivoPharmacology, Rheoscience, Ledøje Bygade 23B, DK-2765 Ledøje-Smørum, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Discovery and Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia

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Jesper B Kristensen In vivoPharmacology, Rheoscience, Ledøje Bygade 23B, DK-2765 Ledøje-Smørum, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Discovery and Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia

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Jens R Daugaard In vivoPharmacology, Rheoscience, Ledøje Bygade 23B, DK-2765 Ledøje-Smørum, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Discovery and Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia

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Miguel A Iglesias In vivoPharmacology, Rheoscience, Ledøje Bygade 23B, DK-2765 Ledøje-Smørum, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Discovery and Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia

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Edward W Kraegen In vivoPharmacology, Rheoscience, Ledøje Bygade 23B, DK-2765 Ledøje-Smørum, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Discovery and Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia

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Stuart M Furler In vivoPharmacology, Rheoscience, Ledøje Bygade 23B, DK-2765 Ledøje-Smørum, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Discovery and Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia

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utilization as fuel ( Kelley & Goodpaster 2001 ). Consequently, there is considerable interest in defining the processes that control the intracellular partitioning of free fatty acid (FFA) between oxidation and storage pathways. A key control point is

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A Margot Umpleby Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Metabolic Sciences, University of Surrey, Leggett Building, Daphne Jackson Road, Manor Park, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK

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measuring expired 13 CO 2 generated from the oxidation of a 13 C-labelled molecule and for measuring the enrichment of labelled plasma water ( 2 H 2 O) which is used in the measurement of fatty acid synthesis. For more details on measurement techniques

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Rengasamy Palanivel Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3

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Vivian Vu Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3

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Min Park Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3

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Xiangping Fang Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3

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Gary Sweeney Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3

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accumulation ( McGavock et al . 2006 ), as this can lead to lipotoxic effects such as apoptosis or insulin resistance ( Borradaile & Schaffer 2005 ). A decrease in glucose transport, glycolysis, and glucose oxidation, together with an increase in fatty acid

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Sihan Lv Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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Xinchen Qiu Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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Jian Li Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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Jinye Liang Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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Weida Li Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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Chao Zhang Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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Zhen-Ning Zhang Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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Bing Luan Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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& Karin 2012 ). Disrupted lipid metabolism including fatty acid oxidation and de novo lipogenesis in liver results in the development of hepatic steatosis and contributes to the development of hepatic insulin resistance ( Marchesini et al . 2003

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George Bikopoulos
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Aurelio da Silva Pimenta Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Department of Physiology, Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Department of Agricultural, 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8

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Simon C Lee Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Department of Physiology, Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Department of Agricultural, 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8

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Jonathan R Lakey Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Department of Physiology, Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Department of Agricultural, 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8

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Sandy D Der
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Catherine B Chan Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Department of Physiology, Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Department of Agricultural, 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8

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Rolando Bacis Ceddia Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Department of Physiology, Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Department of Agricultural, 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8

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Michael B Wheeler Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Department of Physiology, Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Department of Agricultural, 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8

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Maria Rozakis-Adcock
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pathways that lead to oxidative stress, reduced β-cell insulin content, and inhibition of GSIS. Materials and Methods Fatty acid preparation OA bound to fatty acid-free BSA was prepared by stirring 4 mmol/l OA with 5% (wt/vol) BSA in Krebs–Ringer HEPES

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Giselle Adriana Abruzzese Laboratorio de Fisio-patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Maria Florencia Heber Laboratorio de Fisio-patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Silvana Rocio Ferreira Laboratorio de Fisio-patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Leandro Martin Velez Laboratorio de Fisio-patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Roxana Reynoso Laboratorio de Endocrinología, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Omar Pedro Pignataro Laboratorio de Endocrinología Molecular y Transducción de Señales, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Alicia Beatriz Motta Laboratorio de Fisio-patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina

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. Regarding fatty acid oxidation pathways, we found that Pparα mRNA levels showed no differences between the control and PHov groups but were decreased in PHanov ( Fig. 3H , P <0.01), and that Pgc1α levels were lower in both PH animals than in controls

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Fausto Bogazzi
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Francesco Raggi
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Federica Ultimieri
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Dania Russo
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Aldo D'Alessio Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Ospedale Cisanello, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy

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Antonella Manariti Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Ospedale Cisanello, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy

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Sandra Brogioni
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Luca Manetti
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Enio Martino
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different energy requirements. Energy metabolism in normal hearts depends on ATP production from mitochondrial oxidation of glucose and fatty acids (FA; Taegtmeyer 1994 , Stanley & Chandler 2002 ). FA oxidation is the main cardiac energy source accounting

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Hannah M Eggink Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Lauren L Tambyrajah Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Rosa van den Berg Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Isabel M Mol Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Jose K van den Heuvel Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Martijn Koehorst Department of Pediatrics and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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Albert K Groen Department of Pediatrics and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Diabetes Centre, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Anita Boelen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Andries Kalsbeek Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Johannes A Romijn Department of Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Patrick C N Rensen Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Sander Kooijman Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Maarten R Soeters Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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infusion induces browning in white adipose tissue Since we observed that tLCA enhanced fatty acid oxidation and reduced total fat mass, we next investigated the effects of i.c.v. administration of tLCA on adipose tissue morphology, notably sWAT and gWAT

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Andrea Anedda Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain

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Eduardo Rial Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain

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M Mar González-Barroso Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain

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and β-oxidation, which would imply that there is no release of fatty acids and that they are oxidized within the adipocyte. In this respect, it must be emphasized that metformin also causes an increase in mitochondrial mass ( Lenhard et al . 1997

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