fatty acids and their derivatives have been shown to interfere with glucose metabolism via a number of mechanisms, including substrate competition, inhibition of insulin signaling pathways, and modulation of gene transcription processes ( Hegarty et al
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Keld Fosgerau, Christian Fledelius, Kent E Pedersen, Jesper B Kristensen, Jens R Daugaard, Miguel A Iglesias, Edward W Kraegen, and Stuart M Furler
Ricardo Rodríguez-Calvo, Josefa Girona, Josep M Alegret, Alba Bosquet, Daiana Ibarretxe, and Lluís Masana
. 2013 , Liu et al . 2013 ). Among these adipokines, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) has recently been linked to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Additionally, FABP4 is highly expressed in macrophages, contributing to the development of
Adrián Plaza, Beatriz Merino, Victoria Cano, Gema Domínguez, Javier Pérez-Castells, M Soledad Fernández-Alfonso, Coralie Sengenès, Julie A Chowen, and Mariano Ruiz-Gayo
intake; (ii) delaying gastric emptying; (iii) facilitating intestinal digestion of fat and TG absorption and (iv) enhancing fatty acid (FA) catabolism in oxidative tissues. More recently, King and coworkers demonstrated that FA uptake by adipose tissue in
D C Ferguson, Z Caffall, and M Hoenig
multi-species leptin ELISA as validated for cats ( Hoenig et al. 2003 ). Nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) were measured using an enzymatic test kit (Wako Diagnostic, Richmond, PA, USA). In the cats, the FT 4 fraction expressed as a percentage was
Alia H Sukkar, Aaron M Lett, Gary Frost, and Edward S Chambers
our total body weight ( Almeida et al. 2019 ). Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the major metabolic end products of gut microbial fermentation of dietary fibre with acetate, propionate and butyrate, generated in an approximate molar ratio of 60
Sandra Pereira, Anu Shah, I George Fantus, Jamie W Joseph, and Adria Giacca
Introduction Obesity is associated with elevated circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) and FFAs cause insulin resistance ( Lewis et al . 2002 , Xiao et al . 2008 ). FFAs induce oxidative stress ( Nakamura et al . 2009 , Yuzefovych et al . 2010
Sandra Pereira, Wen Qin Yu, María E Frigolet, Jacqueline L Beaudry, Yaniv Shpilberg, Edward Park, Cristina Dirlea, B L Grégoire Nyomba, Michael C Riddell, I George Fantus, and Adria Giacca
Introduction Obesity leads to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) because of insulin resistance, and insulin resistance of obesity is due to elevated circulating levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) and cytokines ( Boden 1997 , Lewis et al . 2002
Edward Park, Victor Wong, Xinyu Guan, Andrei I Oprescu, and Adria Giacca
free fatty acids (FFAs), from the expanded adipose tissue in obese individuals. In particular, elevated circulating levels of FFA cause insulin resistance in both animals and humans ( Roden et al . 1996 , Boden et al . 2001 , Yuan et al . 2001
J J Whyte, A P Alexenko, A M Davis, M R Ellersieck, E D Fountain, and C S Rosenfeld
enriched with either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, can alter serum steroid concentrations in a variety of species, including rodents, food animals, and humans ( Talavera et al. 1985 , Hilakivi-Clarke et al. 1996 , Woods et al. 1996
Eleftheria Diakogiannaki, Hannah J Welters, and Noel G Morgan
development of type 2 diabetes. In particular, it has been proposed that the hyperlipidaemia which can accompany obesity may lead to an elevation in plasma levels of free fatty acids ( Gordon 1960 , Unger 1995 , Sabin et al . 2007 ) which, in turn
