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Division of Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Genetics and Development, INSERM U1048, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine and Comprehensive Center on Obesity, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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expenditure. References Abbott DH Barnett DK Bruns CM Dumesic DA 2005 Androgen excess fetal programming of female reproduction: a developmental aetiology for polycystic ovary syndrome? Human Reproduction Update 11 357 – 374 . ( doi:10
Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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receptors (AR). In female reproduction, high levels of androgens have been considered detrimental to women’s health leading to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hirsutism, and metabolic dysfunctions such as abdominal visceral adiposity, insulin resistance
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) triazines (e.g., atrazine). These pesticides have been shown to impair female reproduction by targeting a variety of reproductive tissues and functions. The sections below summarize some of the impacts of pesticide exposure on the hypothalamus, pituitary
State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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important roles in this process ( Rosen & Spiegelman 2006 ). Thus, it seems reasonable to hypothesize that ovary fat pad composed of white adipose tissue, which distributes around the ovary, may play important roles in ovary function and female reproduction
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Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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.01). After sexual maturation (postnatal 8 weeks), the female mice were mated with WT experienced male mice to evaluate the long-term impact of hypothalamic miR-505-3p overexpression on reproduction. The LV-treated female mice needed more time to procreate and
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of phthalates on the female reproductive system have focused primarily on fertility and teratogenicity in experimental animals and cattle ( Collins et al. 1992 ). Little information concerning the effects of phthalates on pregnant women is presently
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Introduction Vertebrate reproduction is primarily regulated by GnRH, of which there are at least three distinct forms, namely GnRH-I, -II, and -III. One or more of these forms has been found in all vertebrates studied to date, regulating
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The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Microscopy Facility, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Barwon Health Laboratory, Barwon Health, University Hospital, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
Institute for Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Transformation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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, aberrant perinatal microglia pruning may also lead to dysregulated hypothalamic function, including damage to the neuroendocrine control of female reproduction. For instance, an early life absence of functioning microglia is associated with detrimental
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testosterone production in Leydig cells ( Fig. 2 ). In other words, it verified that, in at least one gender, there is an endocrine regulation of reproduction by the skeleton ( Fig. 2 ). It also suggests that there may be differences between males and females
Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, Hubei, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Introduction Progesterone (P 4 ) is essential for regulating mammalian female reproduction. In the human menstrual cycle, P 4 secretion is minimal during the follicular phase and increases after ovulation, which plays a major role in