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Endocrinology Unit and EA 1533, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Genetics of Human Reproduction, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 184 rue de Fg St Antoine, 75012, Paris, France
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Endocrinology Unit and EA 1533, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Genetics of Human Reproduction, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 184 rue de Fg St Antoine, 75012, Paris, France
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Endocrinology Unit and EA 1533, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Genetics of Human Reproduction, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 184 rue de Fg St Antoine, 75012, Paris, France
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In 1905, Ernest Starling published four landmark Croonian lectures, entitled The chemical correlation of the functions of the body. Dr Starling used the term hormone for the first time in his initial lecture, The chemical control of the functions
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Introduction Much has been written about the effects of growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy in GH-deficient human subjects on growth, body composition, cardiovascular risk factors, bone and muscle development and quality of life. When properly
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be described over the last hundred years. These include determination of the physiological function of the parathyroids, the pathophysiology due to hormone excess or deficiency, chemical characterization and synthesis of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and
School of Medicine, Conjoint Endocrine Laboratory, Disciplines of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, 4006 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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School of Medicine, Conjoint Endocrine Laboratory, Disciplines of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, 4006 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
School of Medicine, Conjoint Endocrine Laboratory, Disciplines of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, 4006 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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School of Medicine, Conjoint Endocrine Laboratory, Disciplines of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, 4006 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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development was made very much later ( Cranefield 1962 , Morreale de Escobar et al . 2004 ). Thyroid hormones (thyroxine (T 4 ) and triiodothyronine (T 3 )) are essential for the development and maintenance of normal physiological processes, especially
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Introduction Thyroid hormone is essential for many diverse processes in nearly all vertebrate tissues, and abnormal thyroid hormone signaling underpins several human diseases ( Laudet & Gronemeyer 2002 , Chen et al . 2013 , Kim & Cheng 2013
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intracellular hormone formation and action has been called intracrinology ( Labrie et al. 1988 , Labrie 1991 ) (Fig. 3 ). This situation of a high secretion rate of adrenal precursor sex steroids in men and women is thus completely different from all animal
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Introduction It has become increasingly clear that pituitary hormones that have traditionally been seen as regulators of single bodily processes, including endocrine functions, have additional roles in physiology. The global deletion of these
Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
ICBAS, University of Porto, Largo Professor Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
Molecular Endocrinology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC & UAM, Madrid, Spain
Department of Production & Systems Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
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Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
ICBAS, University of Porto, Largo Professor Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
Molecular Endocrinology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC & UAM, Madrid, Spain
Department of Production & Systems Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
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Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
ICBAS, University of Porto, Largo Professor Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
Molecular Endocrinology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC & UAM, Madrid, Spain
Department of Production & Systems Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
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Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
ICBAS, University of Porto, Largo Professor Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
Molecular Endocrinology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC & UAM, Madrid, Spain
Department of Production & Systems Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
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Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
ICBAS, University of Porto, Largo Professor Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
Molecular Endocrinology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC & UAM, Madrid, Spain
Department of Production & Systems Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
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thyroid hormone homeostasis and hormone delivery to the brain ( Dickson et al. 1987 , Dratman et al. 1991 , Chanoine et al. 1992 ). However, studies in a TTR-null mouse strain revealed that despite a 50% decrease in total T 4 plasma levels
Laboratory of Hormones and Receptors, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova Str., 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Laboratory of Hormones and Receptors, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova Str., 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Laboratory of Hormones and Receptors, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova Str., 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Laboratory of Hormones and Receptors, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova Str., 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Laboratory of Hormones and Receptors, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova Str., 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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expression: the level of PrlR is higher than in most other tissues, and this mainly involves the short isoform since the long PrlR is 10% of total ( Nagano & Kelly 1994 ). The total level of PrlR in hepatocytes is regulated by sex hormones: oestrogens
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Thyroid hormone effects on lipid metabolism The thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T 3 ) and thyroxine (T 4 ), modulate several physiological processes in organisms and are critical in the growth, development, differentiation and maintenance of