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molecular, biochemical, and physiological levels. Part 1: molecular basis of insulin signaling Insulin and signal transduction studies have resulted in breakthroughs in the area of diabetes and biomedical research. Innovative attempts at insulin purification
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Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Human–Environment Interface Biology, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak‐ro, Jongno‐Gu, Seoul 110‐799, Korea
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Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Human–Environment Interface Biology, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak‐ro, Jongno‐Gu, Seoul 110‐799, Korea
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protein synthesis through inhibition of insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling. Glucocorticoid-induced REDD1 inhibits mTOR by stabilizing the TSC1–TSC2 complex, resulting in decreased phosphorylation of both eIF4E-binding protein 1 and
Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinic Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
Curschmann-Klinik, Timmendorfer Strand, Germany
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Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinic Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
Curschmann-Klinik, Timmendorfer Strand, Germany
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Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinic Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
Curschmann-Klinik, Timmendorfer Strand, Germany
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Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinic Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
Curschmann-Klinik, Timmendorfer Strand, Germany
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Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinic Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
Curschmann-Klinik, Timmendorfer Strand, Germany
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, genes encoding proteins with effects on insulin signaling and/or insulin action are of special interest in order to understand the underlying molecular mechanism of the insulin resistance and to develop effective treatments. Recent studies have
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intense investigation. To explore this, we will first discuss how GLUT4 is sequestered away from the plasma membrane in the basal state, and how insulin action may impact on these processes. We will then discuss insulin signalling itself in more detail
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using a glucometer before (0) and after glucose or insulin injection at 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. The glucose area under curve (AUC) for the GTT and ITT was calculated using GraphPad Prism software. To assess insulin signaling in liver and
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indicate that the action of metformin on the gut endocrine system may be L-cell-specific and, more precisely, GLP1-specific, and may be distinct from DPP4 inhibition. Recently, it has been reported that the insulin and Wnt signaling pathways converge their
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Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Department of Medicine, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney 2010, New South Wales, Australia
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mechanism. Studies assessing signalling after acute lipid infusion in rodents and humans have not always produced consistent results. For example, in skeletal muscle from rats, defective insulin action due to acute lipid infusion has been reported to occur
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. 2003 ). Furthermore, the main source of energy changes from glucose to fatty acids in the adult heart ( Lopaschuk et al . 2007 ). During this developmental process, cellular insulin signaling is an important mechanism for cardiac development. It has
Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Departamento de Clínica Médica, Divisão de Nefrologia, Laboratório de Hipertensão Experimental da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Departamento de Clínica Médica, Divisão de Nefrologia, Laboratório de Hipertensão Experimental da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Departamento de Clínica Médica, Divisão de Nefrologia, Laboratório de Hipertensão Experimental da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Departamento de Clínica Médica, Divisão de Nefrologia, Laboratório de Hipertensão Experimental da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Departamento de Clínica Médica, Divisão de Nefrologia, Laboratório de Hipertensão Experimental da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Departamento de Clínica Médica, Divisão de Nefrologia, Laboratório de Hipertensão Experimental da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Departamento de Clínica Médica, Divisão de Nefrologia, Laboratório de Hipertensão Experimental da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Departamento de Clínica Médica, Divisão de Nefrologia, Laboratório de Hipertensão Experimental da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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the metabolic effects of insulin. Many mechanisms may contribute to the dysregulation of the insulin signaling pathway, including serine phosphorylation of IRS proteins by protein kinases such as c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) ( Lee et al
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Department of Social and Administrative Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Introduction The beneficial effects of acute and chronic moderate intensity exercise on the glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle cells of aging, obese, and sedentary rodents may be mediated by key proteins of the insulin-dependent signaling