growing mice to model human energy restriction ( Devlin et al . 2010 ). Materials and methods Mouse model and experimental protocol This study used female C57Bl/6J mice (Jackson Laboratories), studied from 5 to 10 weeks of age. Mice were
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M J Devlin, D J Brooks, C Conlon, M van Vliet, L Louis, C J Rosen, and M L Bouxsein
Brenton T Laing, Khoa Do, Tomoko Matsubara, David W Wert, Michael J Avery, Erin M Langdon, Donghai Zheng, and Hu Huang
), whereas animals in the control group and HFD group were housed in cages without running wheels for 12 weeks. Each cage accommodated one mouse. All aspects of animal care and experimentation were conducted in accordance with the National Institutes of
Bruno C Pereira, Alisson L da Rocha, Ana P Pinto, José R Pauli, Leandro P de Moura, Rania A Mekary, Ellen C de Freitas, and Adelino S R da Silva
the exhaustive test, mice performed the grip force test ( da Rocha et al. 2015a , b, Pereira et al . 2015 a ). The researcher gently held each mouse by the tail and allowed it to grasp the horizontally positioned metal bar of the Grip Strength System
Yuxun Zhou, Li Tong, Maochun Wang, Xueying Chang, Sijia Wang, Kai Li, and Junhua Xiao
chromosome X were queried with the Sanger Database Mouse Genomes Project ( http://www.sanger.ac.uk/science/data/mouse-genomes-project ). The genes in the QTL region were PCR amplified and the DNA sequences were verified by the Sanger sequencing method
Claire L Wood, Ondrej Soucek, Sze C Wong, Farasat Zaman, Colin Farquharson, Lars Savendahl, and S Faisal Ahmed
. 2016 ). Using a transgenic mouse line, GCs have also been shown to suppress interleukin 11 expression, which further inhibits osteoblast differentiation ( Rauch et al. 2010 ). In addition to inhibiting osteoblast differentiation, GCs also prevent bone
M J Devlin, C Grasemann, A M Cloutier, L Louis, C Alm, M R Palmert, and M L Bouxsein
end of gestation, there is evidence that fetuses of mouse dams fed a HF diet are smaller, with lower bone mass ( Liang et al . 2009 ). A longer-term study compared mice exposed to both maternal and postnatal HF diet (HF-HF), postnatal HF diet (C
Manuel D Gahete, Juan M Jiménez-Vacas, Emilia Alors-Pérez, Vicente Herrero-Aguayo, Antonio C Fuentes-Fayos, Sergio Pedraza-Arévalo, Justo P Castaño, and Raúl M Luque
high-scale translational and clinical studies. In this scenario, mouse models have emerged as a powerful and essential tool in basic and translational tumor biology research ( Day et al. 2015 , Gengenbacher et al. 2017 , Kersten et al. 2017
Bernard Freudenthal, John Logan, Sanger Institute Mouse Pipelines, Peter I Croucher, Graham R Williams, and J H Duncan Bassett
identification of extreme skeletal phenotypes in mutant mouse lines that carry single-gene knockouts representing all the known protein-coding genes. This approach has been made possible by the International Knockout Mouse Consortium (IKMC), whose aim is to
Amy Warner and Jens Mittag
. ( doi:10.1038/nm.3900 ) Bordicchia M Liu D Amri EZ Ailhaud G Dessi-Fulgheri P Zhang C Takahashi N Sarzani R Collins S 2012 Cardiac natriuretic peptides act via p38 MAPK to induce the brown fat thermogenic program in mouse and human
Siân E Piret and Rajesh V Thakker
the study of multi-system disorders, such as endocrine diseases, that affect multiple tissues. In recent years, the mouse has increasingly become the popular choice for developing such in vivo mammalian models, as it has many physiological systems
