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Marie M Devillers Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INSERM, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Physiologie de l’Axe Gonadotrope U1133, Paris, France

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Florence Petit Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INSERM, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Physiologie de l’Axe Gonadotrope U1133, Paris, France

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Victoria Cluzet Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INSERM, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Physiologie de l’Axe Gonadotrope U1133, Paris, France

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Charlotte M François Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INSERM, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Physiologie de l’Axe Gonadotrope U1133, Paris, France

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Frank Giton APHP CIB GHU Sud Henri Mondor, INSERM IMRB U955, Eq.07, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France

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Ghislaine Garrel Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INSERM, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Physiologie de l’Axe Gonadotrope U1133, Paris, France

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Joëlle Cohen-Tannoudji Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INSERM, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Physiologie de l’Axe Gonadotrope U1133, Paris, France

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Céline J Guigon Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INSERM, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Physiologie de l’Axe Gonadotrope U1133, Paris, France

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contributing to the programming of adult reproductive function ( Stewart & Cygan 1980 , Clarkson et al. 2009 , Brock et al. 2011 , Kuiri-Hänninen et al. 2013 , Rey 2014 ). The ovary is already receptive to gonadotropins during the infantile period

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Renata C Uliani Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

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Alan J Conley Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA

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C Jo Corbin Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA

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Aimê M Friso Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

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Luciana F S Maciel Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

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Marco A Alvarenga Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

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Introduction Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has attracted considerable interest in female reproduction as an indicator of reproductive aging and fertility, predicting the size of follicle populations in the ovaries of women and other mammals

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Juliana I Candelaria Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA

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Maria B Rabaglino Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

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Anna C Denicol Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA

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follicle. Our objectives were to (1) detect expression of the FSH receptor (FSHR) in growing bovine preantral follicles; (2) evaluate the global transcriptomic changes in the ovary cortex in response to FSH stimulation; and (3) examine whether FSH induced

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Michael W Pankhurst Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

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Introduction The mammalian ovary has a finite number of oocytes that are formed in foetal development ( Monniaux et al. 2014 ). During embryonic development, primordial germ cells migrate from the primitive streak through the endoderm to the

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Carla Tatone Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy

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Giovanna Di Emidio Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy

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Martina Placidi Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy

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Giulia Rossi Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy

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Stefania Ruggieri Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy

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Chiara Taccaliti Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy

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Angela D’Alfonso Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy

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Fernanda Amicarelli Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy

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Maurizio Guido Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy

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Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common female endocrine disorder with an incidence rate of 5–10% in women in their reproductive age. Diagnosis is based on the observation of at least two features among anovulation or

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Andrew T Major Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

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Katie L Ayers Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital and University of Melbourne Departments of Paediatrics, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

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Justin Chue Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital and University of Melbourne Departments of Paediatrics, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

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Kelly N Roeszler Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital and University of Melbourne Departments of Paediatrics, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

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Craig A Smith Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

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reproductive function in vertebrates ( Baron et al. 2005 , Bertho et al. 2016 ). Its expression in mammals is restricted to the ovary, eyelids and pituitary gland. In the pituitary, FOXL2 is required for transcription of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH

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Li Zhang State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China

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XiaoXin Zhang State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Xuejing Zhang State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China

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Yu Lu State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China

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Lei Li State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Sheng Cui State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China

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Introduction Follicles are the functional units of the ovary that consist of oocytes and one or more layers of somatic granulosa cells. Ovarian follicular development is dependent on the proliferation and differentiation of the granulosa cells

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Madeleine R Di Natale School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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Alita Soch School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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Ilvana Ziko School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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Simone N De Luca School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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Sarah J Spencer School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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Luba Sominsky School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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). Likewise, stress-induced catecholaminergic signalling directly affects the ovary, contributing to the development of ovarian cysts and disrupting ovarian follicle maturation ( Paredes et al. 1998 , Dorfman et al. 2003 , Bernuci et al. 2008 ). We

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Ebrahim Asadi Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

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Atefeh Najafi Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

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Ashraf Moeini Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Arash Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Reihaneh Pirjani Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Arash Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Gholamreza Hassanzadeh Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

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Saideh Mikaeili Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

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Ensieh Salehi Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

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Emmanuel Adutwum School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

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Mansoureh Soleimani Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

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Fariba Khosravi One Fertility, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada

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Mahmood Barati Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Farid Abolhassani Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

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& O’Brien 1996 , Li et al . 2010 ). However, it is difficult to apply this culture method to higher animals and humans due to the differences in anatomical and physical characteristics of the ovary. Some studies have experimented on the most

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Whasun Lim Department of Biotechnology, Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136‐713, Republic of Korea

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Wooyoung Jeong Department of Biotechnology, Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136‐713, Republic of Korea

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Gwonhwa Song Department of Biotechnology, Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136‐713, Republic of Korea

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phytoestrogens involve binding cytoplasmic/nuclear ESR1/ESR2 or membrane receptors for estrogen receptors (GPER), which may prevent osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, and hormone-dependent cancers of breast, ovaries and prostate gland

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