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Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen, China
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Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen, China
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Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen, China
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Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen, China
State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Introduction Gonadal steroid hormones play key roles in regulating gametogenesis, but they also exert both positive and negative feedback effects at the hypothalamic and pituitary levels. In tetrapod vertebrates, progesterone (P4) is the
Clinical Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
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YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
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Introduction Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), a member of the secretin/glucagon family, is a 38-amino acid (a.a.) peptide isolated from ovine hypothalamus with stimulatory activity on cAMP production in rat pituitary
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Pituitary stem cells: purported players in pituitary housekeeping The pituitary gland acts as the governor of the endocrine system, integrating inputs from the central hypothalamus and from peripheral grounds to adjust the output of endocrine
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Introduction The human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), secreted normally by the placenta, is a member of the family of glycoprotein hormones (with the pituitary hormones LH, FSH and TSH) that share structural similarities. They are heterodimers
Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
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Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
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Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
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Introduction The work of Geoffrey Harris in the 1940s and 1950s identified that the function of the anterior pituitary gland was not dependent on a direct nerve supply but was controlled by neurohumoral factors in the portal blood supply. These
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Corcept Therapeutics, Menlo Park, CA, USA
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Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Corcept Therapeutics, Menlo Park, CA, USA
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( de Kloet et al. 2005 , Joëls 2018 ). The maintenance of homeostasis by GCs is tightly regulated by hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity ( Lightman et al. 2020 ). The hypothalamic neurons from the paraventricular nucleus release the
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Introduction The gonadotropins luteinizing hormone (Lh) and follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) are key players in the vertebrate brain–pituitary–gonad (BPG) axis controlling sexual maturation. Whereas the equivalent hormones in mammals and
Centre for Research in Reproduction and Development, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Centre for Research in Reproduction and Development, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Centre for Research in Reproduction and Development, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Centre for Research in Reproduction and Development, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Introduction The pituitary glycoprotein follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is an essential regulator of ovarian function and testicular development in mammals. FSH synthesis by pituitary gonadotrope cells is primarily stimulated by
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used for teaching anatomy at Oxford ( Vogt 1972 ). A hallmark of Harris's research was a continuous emphasis on establishing structure–function relationships between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. This focus played a major part in his ability
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). In the pituitary gland, leptin receptors are predominantly expressed in somatotropes, where leptin stimulates the synthesis of the lipolytic hormone, growth hormone (GH) ( Childs et al. 2011 ). Ghrelin serves to signal the opposite nutritional