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S Eleswarapu Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA

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H Jiang Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA

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pyruvate kinase C and glucose transporter GLUT-2 ( Valera et al. 1993 ), as well as the transcription factors c-fos and c-jun ( Gronowski & Rotwein 1995 ). More recent gene expression studies employing the microarray technology have identified many more

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Xiaoning Li College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China

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Junhua Xiao College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China

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Yating Fan College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China

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Kan Yang College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China

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Kai Li College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China

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Xin Wang College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China

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Yanhua Lu State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China

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Yuxun Zhou College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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, a database of transcription factor-binding profiles ( http://jaspar.genereg.net ). The productions of each pair of primers covered two to four binding sites of TBX21 with score higher than 5.5. The primers for each gene were listed in Supplementary

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Zhihao Liu Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Fengrui Wu Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Baowei Jiao Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Xiuyue Zhang Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Chongjiang Hu Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Baofeng Huang Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Linyan Zhou Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Xigui Huang Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Zhijian Wang Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Yaoguang Zhang Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Yoshitaka Nagahama Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Christopher H K Cheng Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Deshou Wang Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
Department of Biochemistry and the Environmental Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

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Introduction The doublesex and mab-3 (DM)-related transcription factor 1 ( Dmrt1 ) belongs to the DM domain gene family. Among the different phyla of the animal kingdom including vertebrates, it is the only gene found to be conserved

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Kazunori Kageyama
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Komaki Hanada
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Yasumasa Iwasaki
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Satoru Sakihara
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Takeshi Nigawara
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John Kasckow
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Toshihiro Suda
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. Boutillier AL , Monnier D, Koch B & Loeffler JP 1994 Pituitary adenyl cyclase-activating peptide: a hypophysiotropic factor that stimulates proopiomelanocortin gene transcription, and proopiomelanocortin-derived peptide secretion in corticotropic cells

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E N Fazio Departments of Paediatrics,
Physiology and Pharmacology and
Medicine, University of Western Ontario, Canada
Children’s Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada

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M Everest Departments of Paediatrics,
Physiology and Pharmacology and
Medicine, University of Western Ontario, Canada
Children’s Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada

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R Colman Departments of Paediatrics,
Physiology and Pharmacology and
Medicine, University of Western Ontario, Canada
Children’s Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada

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R Wang Departments of Paediatrics,
Physiology and Pharmacology and
Medicine, University of Western Ontario, Canada
Children’s Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada

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C L Pin Departments of Paediatrics,
Physiology and Pharmacology and
Medicine, University of Western Ontario, Canada
Children’s Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada

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pancreatic precursor cells into either acinar, islet or duct cells is apparent morphologically ( Slack 1995 ). The differentiation of these cells is regulated by the correct temporal and spatial expression of a series of transcription factors that direct

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Marta Labeur Department of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Inflammatory Disorders of the CNS at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosurgery, Affectis Pharmaceuticals, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Department of Molecular Neurogenetics

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Damian Refojo Department of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Inflammatory Disorders of the CNS at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosurgery, Affectis Pharmaceuticals, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Department of Molecular Neurogenetics

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Barbara Wölfel Department of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Inflammatory Disorders of the CNS at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosurgery, Affectis Pharmaceuticals, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Department of Molecular Neurogenetics

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Johanna Stalla Department of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Inflammatory Disorders of the CNS at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosurgery, Affectis Pharmaceuticals, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Department of Molecular Neurogenetics

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Vivian Vargas Department of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Inflammatory Disorders of the CNS at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosurgery, Affectis Pharmaceuticals, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Department of Molecular Neurogenetics

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Marily Theodoropoulou Department of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Inflammatory Disorders of the CNS at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosurgery, Affectis Pharmaceuticals, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Department of Molecular Neurogenetics

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Michael Buchfelder Department of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Inflammatory Disorders of the CNS at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosurgery, Affectis Pharmaceuticals, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Department of Molecular Neurogenetics

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Marcelo Paez-Pereda Department of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Inflammatory Disorders of the CNS at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosurgery, Affectis Pharmaceuticals, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Department of Molecular Neurogenetics

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Eduardo Arzt Department of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Inflammatory Disorders of the CNS at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosurgery, Affectis Pharmaceuticals, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Department of Molecular Neurogenetics

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Günter K Stalla Department of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Inflammatory Disorders of the CNS at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosurgery, Affectis Pharmaceuticals, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Department of Molecular Neurogenetics

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biosynthesis is coordinately controlled by different corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH)-triggered transcription factors at the level of the proopiomelanocortin ( Pomc ) promoter. Two Nur DNA-binding sites have been identified on the Pomc promoter. The

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Mary Corless School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK

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Aoife Kiely School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK

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Neville H McClenaghan School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK

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Peter R Flatt School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK

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Philip Newsholme School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK

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transcription factor, signal transduction, and metabolic enzyme gene expression. We have used 10 mM l -glutamine in the work reported in this paper, so as to saturate l -glutamine transport and allow comparison of our results with previously published studies

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A Takenaka
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K Komori
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T Morishita
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SI Takahashi
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T Hidaka
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T Noguchi
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To investigate the molecular mechanisms of increased transcription of the insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) gene in dietary protein-deprived animals, the cis-acting sequence that is involved in this regulation was analyzed. We first showed that IGFBP-1 gene transcription was up-regulated by amino acid deprivation in cultured liver cell lines: H4IIE and HuH-7. Since HuH-7 cells showed a greater increase in IGFBP-1 mRNA in response to amino acid deprivation, this cell line was used in further experiments. Using a promoter function assay, we found that up-regulation of promoter activity responding to amino acid deprivation was abolished by deleting the region between -112 and -81 bp from the cap site from the gene construct. This cis-acting region includes the insulin-responsive element (IRE) and glucocorticoid responsive element (GRE) of IGFBP-1. In summary, the present observation suggests that the 32-bp (-112 to -81) in the IGFBP-1 gene 5' promoter region is involved in the induction of the IGFBP-1 gene in response to amino acid deprivation.

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Y Liu
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P Cserjesi
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A Nifuji
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E N Olson
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M Noda
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Abstract

Scleraxis is a recently identified transcription factor with a basic helix-loop-helix motif, which is expressed in sclerotome during embryonic development. We have examined the expression of scleraxis mRNA in rat osteoblastic cells and found that the scleraxis gene was expressed as a 1·2 kb mRNA species in osteoblastic osteosarcoma ROS 17/2·8 cells. The scleraxis mRNA expression was enhanced by type-β transforming growth factor (TGFβ) treatment. The TGFβ effect was observed in a dosedependent manner starting at 0·2 ng/ml and saturating at 2 ng/ml. The effect was time-dependent and was first observed within 12 h and peaked at 24 h. The TGFβ effect was blocked by cycloheximide, while no effect on scleraxis mRNA stability was observed. TGFβ treatment enhanced scleraxis-E box (Scx-E) binding activity in the nuclear extracts of ROS17/2·8 cells. Furthermore, TGFβ enhanced transcriptional activity of the CAT constructs which contain the Scx-E box sequence. TGFβ treatment also enhanced scleraxis gene expression in osteoblastenriched cells derived from primary rat calvaria. These findings indicated for the first time that the novel helixloop-helix type transcription factor (scleraxis) mRNA is expressed in osteoblasts and its expression is regulated by TGFβ.

Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 151, 491–499

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E Garcia
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M Lacasa
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B Agli
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Y Giudicelli
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D Lacasa
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Androgenic status affects rat preadipocyte adipose conversion from two deep intra-abdominal (epididymal and perirenal) fat depots differently. The aim of this study was to establish whether these site-specific alterations of adipogenesis are related to altered expressions of the transcriptional factors regulating proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes, c-myc and CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs: C/EBPalpha and beta). The increased proliferation of epididymal and perirenal preadipocytes from castrated rats was not linked to variations in c-myc mRNA and protein levels. The expression of the early marker of adipogenesis, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), was decreased by androgenic deprivation in epididymal cells but remained insensitive to the androgenic status in perirenal preadipocytes. In contrast, LPL expression increased in subcutaneous preadipocytes from castrated rats, an effect which was partly corrected by testosterone treatment. Expression of C/EBPbeta was unaffected by androgenic status whatever the anatomical origin of the preadipocytes. In contrast, the mRNA and protein levels of C/EBPalpha were greatly decreased by androgenic deprivation in epididymal cells, an alteration which could not be corrected by in vivo testosterone administration. Altogether these results demonstrated that in preadipocytes androgenic deprivation affects site-specifically the expression of LPL, an early marker of adipogenesis and of C/EBPalpha, a master regulator of adipogenesis. These observations contribute to an explanation of why castration induces defective adipose conversion in rat epididymal preadipocytes specifically.

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