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Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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National Primate Research Center of Thailand, Chulalongkorn University, Saraburi, Thailand
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is one such disease where the incidence is much higher in the elderly, and is usually associated with bone fracture. It is reported that in the year 2000, there were some 9 million osteoporotic fractures in the world population, of which 1.6, 1.7 and
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Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Introduction Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and bone loss commonly associated with age. Bone loss results in reduced bone strength and increased fracture risk, which is a growing problem among elderly individuals
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Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
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Department of Endocrinology, St. Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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associated with increased fracture risk, whereas use of histamine 2 receptor antagonists was associated with reduced risk. Both animal and clinical studies have revealed an association between PPI use and a reduction in bone mineral density (BMD). Our group
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Introduction Bone has long been regarded as an organised collection of inert calcified structures that facilitate the motility of land animals. The skeleton’s mass and composition provides vital organ protection, a niche for haematopoiesis and
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was followed by further evidence of the role of WNTs in the tumorigenesis of various human cancers in β-catenin-dependent or -independent pathways ( Anastas & Moon 2012 ). The importance of the WNT signaling pathway in bone homeostasis was highlighted
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Introduction Estrogen, the main female reproductive hormone, is a major regulator of bone homeostasis and it is well known that estrogen deficiency after menopause increases fracture risk and that estrogen treatment decreases this risk
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, and in pregnancy and lactation, when foetal and newborn calcium requirements are high ( Cooper et al. 1967 , Kovacs 2005 ). Since bone is the major reservoir of calcium in the body, it contributes significantly to the maintenance of calcium
Bone and Endocrine Research Group, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK
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Bone and Endocrine Research Group, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK
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Bone and Endocrine Research Group, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK
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Bone and Endocrine Research Group, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK
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), however, the underlying mechanisms that lead to these effects are unclear. The IGF-I signalling pathway is the major autocrine/paracrine regulator of bone growth ( Loveridge et al. 1990 ). Binding of IGF-I to its receptor utilises a family of
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Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
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Introduction Osteoporosis is a debilitating disease affecting one in two women and one in five men after 50 years of age ( Sambrook & Cooper 2006 ). Both men and women lose bone in an age-dependent manner because of decreasing sex hormone
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Introduction In healthy skeleton, the bone structure is maintained by the balanced relationship between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. These cells are responsible for the bone remodelling that begins with the recruitment and activation of bone