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Pia Kiilerich Institute of Biology and
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark

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Karsten Kristiansen Institute of Biology and
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark

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Steffen S Madsen Institute of Biology and
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark

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Introduction Cortisol, the major corticosteroid in teleost fish, is considered a dual regulator of chloride cell differentiation and function. During seawater (SW) acclimation, cortisol stimulates chloride cell numbers and Na

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Toshio Shimada Department of Physiology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan

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Taeko Hirose Department of Physiology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan

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Itsuro Matsumoto Department of Physiology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan

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Tadaomi Aikawa Department of Physiology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan

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production of glucocorticoids in fasciculata cells. The present study examines whether PAF can act on cortisol secretion by the perfused guinea-pig adrenal via the PAF receptor and PKC activation. Materials and Methods

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Miskal Sbaihi Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Marine Station of Concarneau, DMPA USM 0401, UMR 7208 CNRS BOREA ‘Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques’, 7 rue Cuvier, CP 32, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France

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Karine Rousseau Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Marine Station of Concarneau, DMPA USM 0401, UMR 7208 CNRS BOREA ‘Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques’, 7 rue Cuvier, CP 32, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France

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Sylvie Baloche Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Marine Station of Concarneau, DMPA USM 0401, UMR 7208 CNRS BOREA ‘Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques’, 7 rue Cuvier, CP 32, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France

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François Meunier Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Marine Station of Concarneau, DMPA USM 0401, UMR 7208 CNRS BOREA ‘Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques’, 7 rue Cuvier, CP 32, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France

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Martine Fouchereau-Peron Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Marine Station of Concarneau, DMPA USM 0401, UMR 7208 CNRS BOREA ‘Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques’, 7 rue Cuvier, CP 32, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Marine Station of Concarneau, DMPA USM 0401, UMR 7208 CNRS BOREA ‘Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques’, 7 rue Cuvier, CP 32, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France

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Sylvie Dufour Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Marine Station of Concarneau, DMPA USM 0401, UMR 7208 CNRS BOREA ‘Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques’, 7 rue Cuvier, CP 32, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France

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cortisol may also show large variations during sexual maturation. Studies in salmon ( Sower & Schreck 1982 , Martin et al . 1986 , Carruth et al . 2000 a ) showed that very high plasma levels of cortisol are observed during the final phase of

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Ellen Kanitz Research Unit Behavioural Physiology, Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany

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Winfried Otten Research Unit Behavioural Physiology, Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany

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Margret Tuchscherer Research Unit Behavioural Physiology, Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany

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, transport stress during gestation resulted in offspring with increased pituitary weights and higher post-restraint cortisol concentrations ( Lay et al. 1997 a , b ). Repeated transport stress in the last third of gestation of goats had no effect on basal

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Francisco J Arjona Department of Animal Physiology, Departamento de Biología, Instituto de Zoología, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Department of Animal Physiology, Departamento de Biología, Instituto de Zoología, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Luis Vargas-Chacoff Department of Animal Physiology, Departamento de Biología, Instituto de Zoología, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Department of Animal Physiology, Departamento de Biología, Instituto de Zoología, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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María P Martín del Río Department of Animal Physiology, Departamento de Biología, Instituto de Zoología, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Gert Flik Department of Animal Physiology, Departamento de Biología, Instituto de Zoología, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Juan M Mancera Department of Animal Physiology, Departamento de Biología, Instituto de Zoología, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Peter H M Klaren Department of Animal Physiology, Departamento de Biología, Instituto de Zoología, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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hormones and the steroid hormone cortisol are thought to be implicated in osmoregulation in teleosts. Cortisol is a gluco- and mineralocorticoid in fish ( Mommsen et al . 1999 , McCormick 2001 ). In teleosts acclimating to hyperosmotic environments

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Erin Faught Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

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Lynsi Henrickson Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

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Mathilakath M Vijayan Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

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, Vijayan et al . 2010 , Deane & Woo 2011 ). Also, studies have shown that cortisol, the primary circulating corticosteroid in teleost, modulates target tissue Hsp70 expression in fishes, thereby linking the cellular stress response with the organismal

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F. A. HARRISON
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I. R. McDONALD
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J. Y. F. PATERSON
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SUMMARY

The apparent rate of cortisol turnover was determined in conscious and anaesthetized sheep by injection of tritium-labelled cortisol. Simultaneously, the rate of cortisol secretion was determined by collection of adrenal venous blood. The apparent rate of cortisol turnover was found to be two to three times the rate of cortisol secretion.

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Laura L Gathercole Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK

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Nikolaos Nikolaou Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK

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Shelley E Harris Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK

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Anastasia Arvaniti Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK

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Toryn M Poolman Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK

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Jonathan M Hazlehurst Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Denise V Kratschmar Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Marijana Todorčević Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK

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Ahmad Moolla Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK

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Niall Dempster Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK

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Ryan C Pink Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK

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Michael F Saikali Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Liz Bentley Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell, Oxford, UK

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Trevor M Penning Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Claes Ohlsson Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Carolyn L Cummins Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Matti Poutanen Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Alex Odermatt Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Roger D Cox Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell, Oxford, UK

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Jeremy W Tomlinson Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK

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described are 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) and the 5α-reductases type 1 and 2 (5αR1 and 2). 11β-HSD1 converts the inactive glucocorticoid cortisone to its active form cortisol, and 11β-Hsd1 –/– mice have a beneficial metabolic phenotype

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A I Turner Department of Physiology, PO Box 13F, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
Animal Production, School of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
Victorian Institute of Animal Science, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia

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B J Hosking Department of Physiology, PO Box 13F, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
Animal Production, School of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
Victorian Institute of Animal Science, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia

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R A Parr Department of Physiology, PO Box 13F, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
Animal Production, School of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
Victorian Institute of Animal Science, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia

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A J Tilbrook Department of Physiology, PO Box 13F, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
Animal Production, School of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
Victorian Institute of Animal Science, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia

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one such factor. There are differences between the sexes in adult sheep in the cortisol response to stress and it appears that the type of stressor imposed influences the nature of these differences. For instance, females have been found to have a

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J M Hanson Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 8, PO Box 80.154, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands

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H S Kooistra Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 8, PO Box 80.154, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands

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J A Mol Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 8, PO Box 80.154, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands

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E Teske Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 8, PO Box 80.154, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands

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B P Meij Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 8, PO Box 80.154, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands

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corticotropic cells and that the profile characteristics after hypophysectomy would hold predictive value for recurrence of hyperadrenocorticism. Here, we report on the 6-h plasma profiles of ACTH, cortisol, α-MSH, and GH in dogs with PDH before and

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