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proliferates under the influence of estrogen. However, after ovulation, luteal progesterone changes the proliferative pattern to a secretory pattern that includes decidualization of endometrial stromal cells, which provides the nutritive and immune
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part by the microRNA miR-98 in an in vitro decidualization model. Furthermore, knockdown and inhibition of PGRMC1 promote decidualization and decidual senescence ( Tsuru et al. 2022 a , b ). Although expression of PGRMC1 in the fetal membranes
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In the pseudopregnant rat, uterine growth and differentiation during decidualization requires the combined action of oestrogen and progesterone. Previous studies demonstrated that oestradiol treatment increased glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) activity in the myometrium of the decidualizing rat uterus but had no effect on deciduomal G-6-PD activity (Moulton, 1972). In the present study, the myometrial and deciduomal compartments were examined for possible differences in ability to concentrate and retain [3H]oestradiol.
Decidualization of the pseudopregnant rat uterus was induced by surgical trauma given 4 days after the appearance of leukocytes in the vaginal smear. The animals were ovariectomized on day 7 of pseudopregnancy, and 12 h later each animal was restrained and pulsed with 10 μCi [6,7-3H]oestradiol-17β (50 Ci/mmol, New England Nuclear Corporation). The labelled hormone was administered in 1 ml 0·9% NaCl solution through the tail vein, and each animal was killed by cervical dislocation 1 h after
Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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stromal cells differentiate to form the maternal interface with the placenta and comprise the tissue referred to as the decidua ( Bell 1983 ). Decidualization is required for successful reproduction because mice lacking genes that control stromal cell
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SUMMARY
On day 9 of dioestrus the uteri of pseudopregnant rats bearing deciduomata were either slit lengthwise to curette out the decidual tissue or were removed in toto to determine if the prolonging effect of decidualization on pseudopregnancy could be eliminated. Both operations significantly reduced the length of the pseudopregnancy dioestrus (combined mean of 19·3 ± 0·56 days v. 22·2 ± 0·77 days for rats with intact deciduomata; P < 0·01). Conversely, the control experiment of slitting the non-decidualized uterus on day 9 significantly prolonged pseudopregnancy in comparison with control groups (19·2 ± 0·92 days v. 13·5 ± 0·37 days for pseudopregnant controls which were not subjected to operation, or had a laparotomy or uterine traumatization performed on day 9; P < 0·001). The effect of slitting the uterus on other days of pseudopregnancy was investigated. The mechanism through which slitting prolongs pseudopregnancy is unknown.
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Both progesterone and oestradiol, in a ratio of 10000:1, are required for maximum growth of the deciduoma in the ovariectomized rat (Yochim & DeFeo, 1962). However, the hormonal dependence of biochemical processes required for uterine growth during decidualization has not been determined. Oestradiol stimulates lipid synthesis, hexose monophosphate shunt activity, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity in uteri of ovariectomized rats (Barker & Warren, 1966; Moulton & Barker, 1971). These observations suggested that G6PD activity of endometrial and myometrial tissues during decidual growth might also be under hormonal control.
Decidualization of the pseudopregnant rat uterus was induced surgically. Immediately after ovariectomy on day 7 of pseudopregnancy, progesterone (2 mg), oestradiol (0·2 μg), both hormones, or vehicle alone were injected subcutaneously. Treated and intact control animals were killed 24 h later by cervical dislocation. Uteri were quickly excised, trimmed of extraneous connective tissue, and slit longitudinally. Decidual tissue was scraped
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SUMMARY
The influence of oestradiol-17β and/or progesterone on decidual alkaline phosphatase was studied in adrenalectomized (day 1) and ovariectomized (day 1) rats after uterine traumatization on day 4 of pseudopregnancy. Enzyme activity was 10–15 times greater on day 8 of pseudopregnancy in untreated adrenalectomized and intact animals than in non-decidualized uteri. Treatment of ovariectomized and/or adrenalectomized rats with seven daily injections of 5 mg progesterone alone or combined with oestradiol-17β (0·1 μg on days 1–3, and 1·0 μg on days 4–7), did not alter the enzyme reaction. If 1·0 μg of the oestrogen was administered with 5 mg progesterone from days 1–7, no deciduoma response was observed. The results substantiate the hypothesis that progesterone is the only ovarian and adrenal hormone necessary for decidualization of traumatized uteri in pseudopregnant rats.
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SUMMARY
In the mouse uterus the development of sensitivity to a decidualizing stimulus requires large amounts of progesterone and small amounts of oestradiol-17β. During this process progesterone induces changes in the sensitivity of the tissues of the uterus to oestrogen. From observations of human endometrium it has been suggested that progesterone modulates the biological activity of oestradiol-17β by stimulating the metabolic conversion of oestradiol-17β to oestrone. Accordingly [6,7-3H]oestradiol-17β was injected subcutaneously into ovariectomized mice at various stages of the development of sensitivity to a decidualizing injection of oil into the uterine lumen. Radioactivity was extracted 4 h later, fractionated and identified. There was no alteration in the amounts of oestradiol, oestrone or water-soluble metabolites in the uteri whether the mice were treated with progesterone or with progesterone plus oestrogen or whether the uterine horns were decidualized for 24 or 48 h. The results suggest that in vivo the metabolism of oestradiol-17β by the uterus is not stimulated by progesterone.
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ABSTRACT
We have previously shown that pregnancy-associated endometrial α1-globulin, a small molecular weight insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGF-BP), is quantitatively the major secretory protein product of the decidualized endometrium during human pregnancy. In the present study, employing monoclonal antibodies raised against this protein in an immunohistological technique, the cellular localization of the protein has been examined in the decidua and placenta during pregnancy. During the first trimester the protein was principally associated with the decidual cell in the decidualized decidua compacta region of the endometrium with both cytoplasmic and extracellular matrix-associated staining patterns being detected. No extensive staining was observed in the placenta. At term the protein was localized in similar cells in the placental bed and endometrium associated with the amniochorion but not in the placenta. These studies suggest that the decidual cell represents the major source of IGF-BP during pregnancy and have relevance to the origin of amniotic fluid IGF-BP and the paracrine role of the decidual cell in the control of trophoblast growth.
Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 120, 351–357
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Production of prolactin is very tissue-specific – the gene is present in all cells, but in the rat it is expressed only in the anterior pituitary gland, while in man it is also expressed at low levels in the decidualized endometrium. Much of the work on rat prolactin gene expression has been greatly facilitated by the availability of the rat pituitary tumour-derived GH cell line (including the GH1, GH3 and GH4 cell subclones) which produces both prolactin and growth hormone. In contrast, much less is so far known about the regulation of the human prolactin gene, due in part to the lack of readily available human pituitary tissue for in-vitro studies.
An increasing amount is known about hormonal and intracellular regulation of prolactin mRNA production, which has been reviewed elsewhere (Davis, Belayew & Sheppard, 1989). However, some of the most impressive and important recent advances have been
