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Juriaan R Metz Department Organismal Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands

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Mark O Huising Department Organismal Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands

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Karin Leon Department Organismal Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands

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B M Lidy Verburg-van Kemenade Department Organismal Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands

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Gert Flik Department Organismal Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands

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Introduction In fish, neuroendocrine factors modulate the activity of the immune system, and conversely, signals from the immune system affect neuroendocrine activity ( Harris & Bird 2000 , Engelsma et al. 2002 , Yada & Nakanishi

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J Shaik Mohamed Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, Texas 78373, USA

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I A Khan Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, Texas 78373, USA

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the immune system of mammals ( Chen et al. 1999 ). Similarly in teleosts, GnRH-I expression has been shown in gill, gonad, heart, kidney, liver, muscle, pituitary, and spleen ( Ferriere et al. 2001 , Mohamed et al. 2005 ). However, GnRH

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Clare F Hodkinson Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Psychology, Rowett Research Institute, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK

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Ellen E A Simpson Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Psychology, Rowett Research Institute, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK

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John H Beattie Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Psychology, Rowett Research Institute, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK

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Jacqueline M O'Connor Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Psychology, Rowett Research Institute, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK

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David J Campbell Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Psychology, Rowett Research Institute, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK

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J J Strain Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Psychology, Rowett Research Institute, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK

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Julie M W Wallace Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Psychology, Rowett Research Institute, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK

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Introduction Bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and immune system is mediated by the endocrine system, via the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis ( Felten & Felten 1991 , Bellinger et al . 2002 ). Evidence

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A Albalat
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C Liarte
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S MacKenzie
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L Tort
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J V Planas
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I Navarro
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and U0126. However, more research is needed in order to clarify the importance of the different MAPK pathways on the activation of lipolysis by TNFα. Apart from the immune system, studies concerning the biological actions of TNFα in fish are

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Amy Warner AstraZeneca, Center of Brain, CVMD IMED, Pepparedsleden 1, 43183 Mölndal, Sweden

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Jens Mittag AstraZeneca, Center of Brain, CVMD IMED, Pepparedsleden 1, 43183 Mölndal, Sweden

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depot-specific. Figure 1 Different ways leading to browning of white adipose tissue, including immune system, CNS, direct activation, or direct inhibition. AgRP, agouti-related peptide; Cox, cyclooxygenase; GLP1, glucagon-like peptide 1; IL, interleukin

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Daniela Leite de Oliveira Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Camila Hirotsu Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Sergio Tufik Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Monica Levy Andersen Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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2 ) contributes to inflammatory pain ( Kawabata 2011 ). Another important component of pain mechanism is the immune system. Because of injury, inflammation of the damaged tissue may cause hyperalgesia. Activation of macrophages in the damaged

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Timothy J Dreyer Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK

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Jacob AC Keen Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK

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Leah M Wells Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK

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Scott J Roberts Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK

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on the scale generated. The number of studies per tissue excluding review articles: bone (2312), kidney (282), cardiovascular (213), muscle (115), cartilage (88), immune system (61) and liver (44). Created with https

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Rubén Marín-Juez
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Susanne Jong-Raadsen
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Shuxin Yang ZF‐Screens BV, Institute of Biology, J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands

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Herman P Spaink ZF‐Screens BV, Institute of Biology, J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands

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shows that key genes for the insulin metabolism and immune system are downregulated in hyperinsulinemic zebrafish larvae To better characterize how the shift from an insulin-sensitive state to an insulin-resistant state may affect zebrafish larvae, we

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Yanqiu Wang Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Zhou Jin Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Jiajun Sun Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Xinxin Chen Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China

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Pu Xie Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yulin Zhou Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Shu Wang Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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therapeutic effect of blocking monocyte IFN/SIGLEC1 signalling in GD treatment. Many studies have reported the pathogenic role of CD4 + T cell and B cell dysfunction in GD. In addition to T and B cells, monocytes are also key components of the innate immune

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Karen Francis
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B Mary Lewis
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Peter N Monk Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences, Academic Neurology Unit, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK

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Jack Ham
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immune cells leading to altered activity of the HPA axis ( Spangelo & Gorospe 1995 , Bijisma et al . 2005 ). The innate immune system is also the source of the complement family of molecules that provide the principal effector mechanism of immunity

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