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Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Introduction In fish, neuroendocrine factors modulate the activity of the immune system, and conversely, signals from the immune system affect neuroendocrine activity ( Harris & Bird 2000 , Engelsma et al. 2002 , Yada & Nakanishi
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the immune system of mammals ( Chen et al. 1999 ). Similarly in teleosts, GnRH-I expression has been shown in gill, gonad, heart, kidney, liver, muscle, pituitary, and spleen ( Ferriere et al. 2001 , Mohamed et al. 2005 ). However, GnRH
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Introduction Bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and immune system is mediated by the endocrine system, via the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis ( Felten & Felten 1991 , Bellinger et al . 2002 ). Evidence
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and U0126. However, more research is needed in order to clarify the importance of the different MAPK pathways on the activation of lipolysis by TNFα. Apart from the immune system, studies concerning the biological actions of TNFα in fish are
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depot-specific. Figure 1 Different ways leading to browning of white adipose tissue, including immune system, CNS, direct activation, or direct inhibition. AgRP, agouti-related peptide; Cox, cyclooxygenase; GLP1, glucagon-like peptide 1; IL, interleukin
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2 ) contributes to inflammatory pain ( Kawabata 2011 ). Another important component of pain mechanism is the immune system. Because of injury, inflammation of the damaged tissue may cause hyperalgesia. Activation of macrophages in the damaged
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on the scale generated. The number of studies per tissue excluding review articles: bone (2312), kidney (282), cardiovascular (213), muscle (115), cartilage (88), immune system (61) and liver (44). Created with https
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shows that key genes for the insulin metabolism and immune system are downregulated in hyperinsulinemic zebrafish larvae To better characterize how the shift from an insulin-sensitive state to an insulin-resistant state may affect zebrafish larvae, we
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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therapeutic effect of blocking monocyte IFN/SIGLEC1 signalling in GD treatment. Many studies have reported the pathogenic role of CD4 + T cell and B cell dysfunction in GD. In addition to T and B cells, monocytes are also key components of the innate immune
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immune cells leading to altered activity of the HPA axis ( Spangelo & Gorospe 1995 , Bijisma et al . 2005 ). The innate immune system is also the source of the complement family of molecules that provide the principal effector mechanism of immunity