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Amanda E Brandon Diabetes and Metabolism Division, St Vincent's Clinical School, School of Medical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Molecular Bioscience and Sydney Medical School, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
Diabetes and Metabolism Division, St Vincent's Clinical School, School of Medical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Molecular Bioscience and Sydney Medical School, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia

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Ella Stuart Diabetes and Metabolism Division, St Vincent's Clinical School, School of Medical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Molecular Bioscience and Sydney Medical School, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia

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Simon J Leslie Diabetes and Metabolism Division, St Vincent's Clinical School, School of Medical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Molecular Bioscience and Sydney Medical School, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia

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Kyle L Hoehn Diabetes and Metabolism Division, St Vincent's Clinical School, School of Medical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Molecular Bioscience and Sydney Medical School, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia

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David E James Diabetes and Metabolism Division, St Vincent's Clinical School, School of Medical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Molecular Bioscience and Sydney Medical School, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia

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Edward W Kraegen Diabetes and Metabolism Division, St Vincent's Clinical School, School of Medical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Molecular Bioscience and Sydney Medical School, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
Diabetes and Metabolism Division, St Vincent's Clinical School, School of Medical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Molecular Bioscience and Sydney Medical School, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia

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Nigel Turner Diabetes and Metabolism Division, St Vincent's Clinical School, School of Medical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Molecular Bioscience and Sydney Medical School, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia

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Gregory J Cooney Diabetes and Metabolism Division, St Vincent's Clinical School, School of Medical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Molecular Bioscience and Sydney Medical School, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
Diabetes and Metabolism Division, St Vincent's Clinical School, School of Medical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Molecular Bioscience and Sydney Medical School, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia

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younger animals, it was possible that chronic changes in FAO over the longer term may have some impact on whole-body energy metabolism that was not evident in younger mice. In the present study, examining 9- to 12-month-old Acc2 −/− mice, increases in

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Dawn E W Livingstone University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Emma M Di Rollo University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Tracy C-S Mak University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Karen Sooy University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Brian R Walker University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Ruth Andrew University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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 Adrenal gland (mg) 2.3 ± 0.3 2.3 ± 0.3  Thymus (mg) 34.1 ± 2.3 34.9 ± 2.9  Plasma testosterone (pg/mL) 66 ± 10 123 ± 24* Liver glucocorticoid metabolism  11βHSD1 velocity (nmol/mg/h) 20.1 ± 2.3 16

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Fiona Roberts Functional Genetics and Development, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Greg Markby Functional Genetics and Development, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Scott Dillon Functional Genetics and Development, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Colin Farquharson Functional Genetics and Development, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Vicky E MacRae Functional Genetics and Development, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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, whereby energy metabolism and bone formation regulate one another in a feedback loop. Following recent work which led to the discovery of metabolically active osteocalcin, a hormone secreted specifically by the osteoblast to promote insulin sensitivity

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S J Brandt Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany

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M Kleinert Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany

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M H Tschöp Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany

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T D Müller Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany

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poor. A number of psychological and economic factors are involved in such compliance, and humans might be evolutionarily predisposed to a positive energy balance ( Wells 2006 ). Furthermore, once excess weight has been gained, human metabolism

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Aijun Zhang Houston Methodist Research Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, Departments of Paediatrics, Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Genomic Medicine Program, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

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Douglas H Sieglaff Houston Methodist Research Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, Departments of Paediatrics, Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Genomic Medicine Program, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

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Jean Philippe York Houston Methodist Research Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, Departments of Paediatrics, Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Genomic Medicine Program, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

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Ji Ho Suh Houston Methodist Research Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, Departments of Paediatrics, Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Genomic Medicine Program, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

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Stephen D Ayers Houston Methodist Research Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, Departments of Paediatrics, Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Genomic Medicine Program, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

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Glenn E Winnier Houston Methodist Research Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, Departments of Paediatrics, Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Genomic Medicine Program, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

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Alexei Kharitonenkov Houston Methodist Research Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, Departments of Paediatrics, Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Genomic Medicine Program, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

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Christopher Pin Houston Methodist Research Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, Departments of Paediatrics, Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Genomic Medicine Program, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
Houston Methodist Research Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, Departments of Paediatrics, Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Genomic Medicine Program, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

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Pumin Zhang Houston Methodist Research Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, Departments of Paediatrics, Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Genomic Medicine Program, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

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Paul Webb Houston Methodist Research Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, Departments of Paediatrics, Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Genomic Medicine Program, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

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Xuefeng Xia Houston Methodist Research Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, Departments of Paediatrics, Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Genomic Medicine Program, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
Houston Methodist Research Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, Departments of Paediatrics, Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Genomic Medicine Program, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

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is involved in integration of metabolism and bone turnover, raising the possibility that FGF21 could promote bone loss, and elevated FGF21 levels are associated with abnormal lipid profiles in coronary heart disease, raising concerns about

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Lauriane Bonnet Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France

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Esma Karkeni Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France

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Charlène Couturier Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France

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Julien Astier Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France

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Catherine Defoort Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
CriBioM, Criblage Biologique Marseille, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, Marseille, France

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Ljubica Svilar Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
CriBioM, Criblage Biologique Marseille, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, Marseille, France

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Franck Tourniaire Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
CriBioM, Criblage Biologique Marseille, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, Marseille, France

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Lourdes Mounien Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France

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Jean-François Landrier Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
CriBioM, Criblage Biologique Marseille, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, Marseille, France

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between plasma 25(OH)D concentration and total volume (lean and fat mass), which could be the best predictive marker than fat mass. Wamberg et al. suggested that vitamin D metabolism in WAT is modified by obesity and reported a modification of Cyp2j2

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Karla J Suchacki The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Fiona Roberts The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midltohian

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Andrea Lovdel The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Colin Farquharson The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midltohian

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Nik M Morton The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Vicky E MacRae The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midltohian

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William P Cawthorn The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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bones involves its integral role in the endocrine control of whole-body energy metabolism ( Guntur & Rosen 2013 ). One example of the poorly understood metabolic functions of the skeleton is the presence of adipose tissue within the bone marrow

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Liping Luo Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, 
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Meilian Liu Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, 
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 
Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA

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. 2016 ). These bioactive factors secreted from adipose tissue circulate and relay information to other metabolically active organs such as muscle, liver, pancreas and brain via endocrine mechanisms, thereby modulating systemic metabolism ( Scherer 2006

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Alpana Mathur Herbal Research Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
Babu Banarasi Das University, BBD City, Lucknow, India

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Vivek Kumar Pandey Herbal Research Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR, Lucknow, India

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Poonam Kakkar Herbal Research Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
Babu Banarasi Das University, BBD City, Lucknow, India
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR, Lucknow, India

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efficiency of its target tissues for glucose uptake and its metabolism in response to insulin signaling ( Hanssen et al . 2015 ). Inactivation of the receptor responses (signaling molecules) has been reported as the underlying cause responsible for impaired

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Isabelle Lee Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Guannan Zhang Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Clementina Mesaros Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Trevor M Penning Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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, Song et al. 2013 ). This evidence suggests that PAHs may play a role in endometrial cancer development via estrogen receptor and non-estrogen receptor pathways. However, there is a dearth of studies that assess PAH metabolism in endometrial cancer and

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