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Taichung Veterans General Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Taichung Veterans General Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Taichung Veterans General Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Taichung Veterans General Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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. Sartorelli V & Fulco M 2004 Molecular and cellular determinants of skeletal muscle atrophy and hypertrophy. Science’s STKE 2004 re11 . Shan YX , Yang TL, Mestril R & Wang PH 2003 Hsp10 and Hsp60 suppress ubiquitination
Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center
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Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center
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Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center
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Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center
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Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center
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daily food intake ( Gentry & Wade 1976 , Borst & Conover 2006 ) and muscle atrophy ( Gao et al . 2005 , Axell et al . 2006 , Borst & Conover 2006 ). In contrast to our findings, the studies of Xia et al . (2013) found that ORX
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Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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upregulation of activin A and B propeptides was shown to induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy in mice ( Chen et al. 2017 , Walton et al. 2019 ) and block activin-mediated muscle atrophy in various pre-clinical models including the C26 mouse model of cancer
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I.N.B.B. (Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi), Rome, Italy
Andrology, Women’s Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
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I.N.B.B. (Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi), Rome, Italy
Endocrinology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
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diameter and markers of muscle atrophy and regeneration. As shown in Fig. 3 , HFD reduced fiber diameter ( P < 0.001 vs RD; Fig. 3A ) and increased the mRNA expression of the atrophy-related genes, such as FBX032/Atrogin 1 ( P < 0.01 vs RD; Fig. 3B
Albany Medical College,
Stratton VA Medical Center, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, New York 12208, USA
Taichung Poah-Ai Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Albany Medical College,
Stratton VA Medical Center, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, New York 12208, USA
Taichung Poah-Ai Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Albany Medical College,
Stratton VA Medical Center, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, New York 12208, USA
Taichung Poah-Ai Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Albany Medical College,
Stratton VA Medical Center, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, New York 12208, USA
Taichung Poah-Ai Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Albany Medical College,
Stratton VA Medical Center, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, New York 12208, USA
Taichung Poah-Ai Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Albany Medical College,
Stratton VA Medical Center, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, New York 12208, USA
Taichung Poah-Ai Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Albany Medical College,
Stratton VA Medical Center, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, New York 12208, USA
Taichung Poah-Ai Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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compartments resulting in mucosal and smooth muscle atrophy, increased collagen synthesis and distribution, and decreased contractility. Estrogen supplementation reversed the effects of Ovx and resulted in smooth muscle hypertrophy and mucosal hyperplasia, and
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. 2015 ). Increased SerpinA3N expression was also demonstrated in muscle atrophy models mediated by glucocorticoid suggesting that elevated SerpinA3N levels can promote disease progression ( Tjondrokoesoemo et al. 2016 ). More recently, Sergi et al
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the Orx group, which may be due to a skeletal muscles atrophy ( Rincon et al . 1996 , Axell et al . 2006 ) and/or decreased food intake ( Gentry & Wade 1976 ) induced by lack of androgens. Serum testosterone level in control middle-aged males was
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3K/Akt pathway prevents expression of muscle atrophy-induced ubiquitin ligases by inhibiting FOXO transcription factors . Molecular Cell 14 395 – 403 . ( doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(04)00211-4 ) Tsatsanis C Androulidaki A Alissafi T
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Bauerlein R Zlotchenko E Scrimgeour A Lawrence JC Glass DJ 2001 Akt/mTOR pathway is a crucial regulator of skeletal muscle hypertrophy and can prevent muscle atrophy in vivo . Nature Cell Biology 3 1014 – 1019 . Bohannon RW 1997
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Institute of Medical Science, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3
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side effects of systemic androgen therapy. As such, there is considerable interest in more targeted therapeutic options for treating muscle atrophy. Although androgenic effects on muscle are generally presumed to occur via actions on myocyte androgen