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Se-Min Kim The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Farhath Sultana The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Steven Sims The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Judit Gimenez-Roig The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Victoria Laurencin The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Anusha Pallapati The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Satish Rojekar The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Tal Frolinger The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Weibin Zhou The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Anisa Gumerova The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Anne Macdonald The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Vitaly Ryu The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Daria Lizneva The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Funda Korkmaz The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Tony Yuen The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Mone Zaidi The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Introduction Two gonadotropins secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, namely, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), along with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), as well as their respective receptors, exhibit

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Clive W Coen Reproductive Neurobiology, Division of Women's Health, School of Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK

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From Galen in the 2nd century AD, medical orthodoxy held that the brain–pituitary axis terminated in the nostrils and palate. Blood was allegedly endowed with vital spirit in the left ventricle of the heart and with animal spirit, the substance

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J Fahrenkrug Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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B Georg Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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J Hannibal Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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H L Jørgensen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Introduction There is growing evidence that endocrine body rhythms including the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis are regulated by the circadian timing system, which consists of the master pacemaker located in the hypothalamic

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Michele O Wilson Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand

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Bryony A McNeill Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia

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Graham K Barrell Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand

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Timothy C R Prickett Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand

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Eric A Espiner Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand

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, Christchurch, New Zealand. Responses of brain, pituitary and spinal cord levels of CNP peptides to dexamethasone (Study 2) In this study, 14 healthy Texel-Romney wethers (average live weight 77 kg, 2 years old) were sampled as described above except

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Juan Pedro Martinez-Barbera Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Institute of Child Health, Birth Defects Research Centre, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, WC1N 1EH London, UK

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-catenin-accumulating clusters are unique to ACP and are not present in any other pituitary tumours, including the papillary form of CP ( Hofmann et al . 2006 ). In addition, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was shown to be active in the cell clusters, as was revealed by the

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Pouneh K Fazeli Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Bulfinch 457, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA

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Anne Klibanski Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Bulfinch 457, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA

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Introduction Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a hormone produced primarily by the liver and regulated by growth hormone (GH) secretion by the somatotroph cells of the anterior pituitary gland. Many, but not all, of the actions of GH are

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Sunita M C De Sousa Endocrine & Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
South Australian Adult Genetics Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

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Nèle F Lenders Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia

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Lydia S Lamb Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia

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Warrick J Inder Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
Academy for Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

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Ann McCormack Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia

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Introduction The pituitary gland, residing in the bony sella turcica, is composed of the anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) derived from oral ectoderm and the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis) derived from neuroectoderm. The anterior lobe contains

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Eun Jig Lee Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA

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J Larry Jameson Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA

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. Gene therapy for endocrine disorders, including pituitary diseases, is still at an early stage. Although a variety of pre-clinical models have been examined, there have been no attempts to use gene therapy for the treatment of pituitary diseases in

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Abby J Sarkar Endocrinology Program and Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 84 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA

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Kirti Chaturvedi Endocrinology Program and Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 84 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA

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Cui Ping Chen Endocrinology Program and Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 84 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA

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Dipak K Sarkar Endocrinology Program and Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 84 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA

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occurring neoplasms in the human pituitary ( Hardy et al. 1980 ), are vascularized tumors in some animal models ( Gorczyca & Hardy 1988 , Schecter et al. 1988 ). In the human pituitary, a relationship between increased vascularity and several aspects of

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Hyun Joon Kim Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Department of Animal Science and Environment, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Department of Animal Science and Environment, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA

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Mary C Gieske Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Department of Animal Science and Environment, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Department of Animal Science and Environment, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA

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Kourtney L Trudgen Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Department of Animal Science and Environment, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA

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Susan Hudgins-Spivey Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Department of Animal Science and Environment, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA

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Beob Gyun Kim Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Department of Animal Science and Environment, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA

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Andree Krust Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Department of Animal Science and Environment, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Department of Animal Science and Environment, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA

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Pierre Chambon Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Department of Animal Science and Environment, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Department of Animal Science and Environment, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA

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Jae-Wook Jeong Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Department of Animal Science and Environment, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA

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Eric Blalock Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Department of Animal Science and Environment, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA

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CheMyong Ko Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Department of Animal Science and Environment, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Department of Animal Science and Environment, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA

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Introduction The ovarian steroid estradiol (E 2 ) plays a critical physiological role in inducing the LH surge by acting on both the hypothalamus and the pituitary ( Clarke 2002 , Christian et al . 2005 ). While much focus has been placed on the

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