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INRA, Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, INSERM, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR1286, Université de Bordeaux 2, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
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INRA, Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, INSERM, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR1286, Université de Bordeaux 2, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
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INRA, Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, INSERM, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR1286, Université de Bordeaux 2, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
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INRA, Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, INSERM, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR1286, Université de Bordeaux 2, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
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was hypoactive and hyporeactive to different stressors ( Helies et al . 2005 , Marissal-Arvy et al . 2007 , 2011 ). This study aimed to explore the role played by retinoids in the hypoactivity and hyporeactivity of the HPA axis in LOU/C rats. For
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and neuronal subtypes present ( Pearson & Placzek 2013 , Watts 2015 ). The various neuronal populations found throughout the hypothalamus are drivers of key biological processes in the mature animal, including feeding and metabolism, stress
University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
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-affinity site was termed Type 1 corticosterone preferring (the MR) to distinguish it from the lower affinity Type 2 sites (the GR) that required stress levels of corticosterone for activation and that also bound synthetic glucocorticoids ( Reul & de Kloet 1985
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the so-called stress hypo-responsive period (SHRP) that lasts from about postnatal day 1 (P1) to P12 in the mouse ( Schmidt et al . 2003 a ). During this period, basal circulating corticosterone levels are very low and mild stressors are unable to
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focused on interaction of gut bacteria with the fight and flight catecholamines adrenaline, noradrenaline (NE) and dopamine ( Freestone 2013 ; Fig. 1 ). This focus on the catecholamines and bacteria came about because of the long-held view that stress in
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Introduction There is ample evidence indicating that emotional stress may be an important contributor to the formation of the hypertensive condition ( Mustacchi 1990 , Boone 1991 , Mancia et al . 1997 , Light 2001 , Kaushik et al . 2004
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, differentiation, apoptosis, immune regulation and cellular adaptation to stress ( Ray et al . 2012 , Sena & Chandel 2012 ). A critical balance in redox status needs to be maintained and this is achieved by numerous interacting antioxidant pathways. Oxidative
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individual's development. Recent research has drawn attention to the fact that pubertal and adolescent maturation in human and non-human animals is marked by changes in hormonal stress responsiveness that may have profound consequences for an organism's short
Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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). Importantly, the environmental factors that drive local corticosterone production are unknown, but might be of greater importance during early life, when adrenal GC production is low in altricial species, termed the stress hyporesponsive period (SHRP
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Introduction In modern societies the rising prevalence of chronic social stress has been suggested to promote the development of various diseases including major depression, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders ( Cohen et al . 2007