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ABSTRACT
The rdw rat (gene symbol: rdw) with hereditary dwarfism has been shown immunohistochemically to have subnormal numbers not only of GH- but also of prolactin- and thyrotrophin-positive cells. To characterize the dwarfism of this strain, the expression of pituitary hormone mRNAs was examined by Northern hybridization. The pituitary gland in the rdw rat expressed 30–100 times less GH and prolactin mRNAs than normal controls, whereas mRNAs for pro-opiomelanocortin and the α subunit of rat glycoprotein hormone revealed a significant increase. There was a non-significant difference in rat LH-β subunit and FSH-β subunit between normal and rdw rats. The suppressed expression of a pituitary-specific transcription factor, Pit-1, is considered to cause hereditary dwarfism in mouse strains Snell and Jackson, whose phenotypes resemble those of the rdw rat. In this study, however, no difference in mRNA expression for Pit-1 was found between rdw rats and controls. This work indicates that the rdw rat may not have the same genotype as the phenotypically similar dwarf mice, Snell, Jackson and Ames.
Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 138, 307–313
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Abstract
The molecular mechanism for hormone- and serum-dependent regulation of thyroglobulin (TG) gene expression was studied. A construct of rat TG promoter (−178 to −3) linked to a luciferase gene was transfected into TSH-, insulin- and serum-deprived FRTL-5 cells. Addition of TSH, insulin or serum augmented the luciferase activity. The endogenous TG mRNA level was also increased, indicating that the promoter used confers responsiveness of TG gene to these additives. The possible involvement of thyroid-transcription factors, TTF-1, TTF-2 and Pax-8, in the induction of TG gene transcription was studied using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Since the protein/DNA ratio in FRTL-5 cell extracts was significantly increased by these additives, binding activities of these factors per unit of DNA were examined. It was demonstrated that TSH, insulin or serum increased not only TTF-2 binding activity but also the binding activities of TTF-1 and Pax-8. However, the magnitude of the increase in TTF-1 and Pax-8 mRNA levels per unit of DNA was less than that of the binding activity. Taken together, our results suggest that TSH, insulin and serum increase the binding activities of TTF-1 and Pax-8 to the TG promoter presumably through the posttranslational modification of the factors, thereby enhancing TG gene transcription.
Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 150, 287–298
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Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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, a database of transcription factor-binding profiles ( http://jaspar.genereg.net ). The productions of each pair of primers covered two to four binding sites of TBX21 with score higher than 5.5. The primers for each gene were listed in Supplementary
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Growth factors are essential for cellular growth and differentiation in both normal and malignant human breast epithelial cells. In the present study we investigated the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) on chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor (COUP-TF) expression in human breast cancer cells. The orphan receptors COUP-TFI and COUP-TFII are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. The high degree of evolutionary conservation of these proteins strongly argues for an important biological function. COUP-TF expression was highest in SK-BR3 cells (approximately 130 amol/ micro g total RNA), while the lowest COUP-TF expression was observed in MCF-7 cells (3.5 amol/ micro g total RNA). While treatment of EGF, TGFalpha and PMA induced expression of COUP-TFII, COUP-TFI did not respond to these agents. Oncostatin M (OSM) is known to exert an antiproliferative effect in breast cancer cells. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with OSM resulted in an approximately 90% reduction of COUP-TFII mRNA expression. In SK-BR3 cells, treatment with the MEK inhibitor UO126 resulted in a profound suppression of endogenous COUP-TFII expression. Furthermore, cotreatment with UO126 prevented induction of COUP-TFII expression by EGF in MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, our data provide evidence, for the first time, that mitogenic substances which activate the MAP kinase pathway, can induce COUP-TFII expression. Our results strongly suggest that an active MAP kinase pathway is essential for COUP-TFII expression in human breast cancer cells.
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The transcription factor Pax8 plays an important role in the expression of the differentiated phenotype of thyroid follicular cells. It has recently been shown that Pax8 is necessary for thyroglobulin (Tg) gene expression in the fully differentiated rat thyroid cell line PC. We have used the PC model system to investigate the role of Pax8 as a mediator of TSH regulation of Tg gene expression. We have demonstrated that Pax8 expression, as well as Tg expression, is severely reduced in cells grown in the absence of hormones and serum. The re-addition of TSH or forskolin to the culture medium is able to restore to wild-type levels the expression of both Pax8 and Tg. We have determined that the action of TSH/forskolin on Pax8 is at the transcriptional level. However, the re-expression of Pax8 can be observed several hours before that of Tg, suggesting that either another factor is needed or that Pax8 itself must be post-translationally modified by a newly synthesized protein to become active. To distinguish between these two possibilities we have stably transfected into PC cells an exogenous Pax8 that is expressed independently of TSH. Our results indicate that in these cells the Tg promoter is still dependent on TSH despite the constitutive presence of Pax8. Furthermore, we also show that in this condition Tg gene transcription requires de novo protein synthesis. In conclusion, TSH regulates the expression of Pax8 at a transcriptional level and also regulates the activity of Pax8 by controlling the expression of one or more as yet unknown factors.
Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 7-45 Songdo‐dong, Yeonsu‐ku, Incheon, Korea
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Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 7-45 Songdo‐dong, Yeonsu‐ku, Incheon, Korea
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known as the unfolded protein response, which involves double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase RNA-like kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and inositol requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) pathways ( Wu & Kaufman 2006 , Lai et al . 2007
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Core-binding factor A1 (Cbfa1), also called Pebp2 alpha A/AML3, is a transcription factor that belongs to the runt-domain gene family. Cbfa1-deficient mice are completely incapable of both endochondral and intramembranous bone formation, indicating that Cbfa1 is indispensable for osteogenesis. Maturation of chondrocytes in these mice is also disorganized, suggesting that Cbfa1 may also play a role in chondrogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine the expression and regulation of Pebp2 alpha A/AML3/Cbfa1 expression in the chondrocyte-like cell line, TC6. Northern blot analysis indicated that Cbfa1 mRNA was constitutively expressed as a 6.3 kb message in TC6 cells and the level of Cbfa1 expression was enhanced by treatment with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This effect was blocked by an RNA polymerase inhibitor, 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, but not by a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide. Western blot analysis of the cell lysates using polyclonal antibody raised against Cbfa1 indicated that BMP2 treatment increased the Cbfa1 protein level in TC6 cells. In TC6 cells, BMP2 treatment enhanced expression of alkaline phosphatase and type I collagen mRNAs but suppressed that of type II collagen mRNA. In addition to TC6 cells, Cbfa1 mRNA was also expressed in primary cultures of chondrocytes and BMP2 treatment enhanced Cbfa1 mRNA expression in these cells similarly to its effect on TC6 cells. These data indicate that the Pebp2 alpha A/AML3/Cbfa1 gene is expressed in a chondrocyte-like cell line, TC6, and its expression is enhanced by treatment with BMP.
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specific transcription factors, co-factors, and adaptor proteins. The activity of GR is modulated by post-transcriptional modifications, similar to C/EBPs, and the GR is involved in complex cross-talk with other signaling pathways, for instance nuclear
Departments of Medicine and of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA
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Departments of Medicine and of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA
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Departments of Medicine and of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA
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Departments of Medicine and of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA
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Departments of Medicine and of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA
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Departments of Medicine and of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA
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Departments of Medicine and of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA
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Departments of Medicine and of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA
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Departments of Medicine and of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA
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Introduction Most transcription factors are members of extended families defined by conserved structural motifs, typically in the DNA- and ligand-binding domains, yet they differ in other domains, especially the transactivation
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. 1993 ), indicating that both hormones can have direct effects on the growth plate. Stimulation of the GH receptor activates an intracellular signal transduction cascade eventually converging to the transcription factor STAT5B ( Rosenfeld & Hwa 2009
