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Lucia Zhang Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Kathy K Lee Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Kim S Sugamori Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Marc D Grynpas Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Jane Mitchell Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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cPTH ( Fig. 5B ). Since Wnt signalling is known to be required for osteoblast differentiation, we examined mRNA levels encoding several proteins involved in Wnt pathways in metaphyseal trabecular bone samples ( Fig. 5C , D and E ). Sost, encoding

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Jiju Wang Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

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Yunhui Tang Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

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Songcun Wang Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

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Liyuan Cui Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

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Dajin Li Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

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Meirong Du Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

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functions via a conserved signaling pathway involving Wnt4 to regulate uterine decidualization in the mouse and the human . Journal of Biological Chemistry 282 31725 – 3 173 2 . ( https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M704723200 ) Li MQ Hou XF Lv SJ Meng

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Weijuan Shao Divsion of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

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Wenjuan Liu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Ping Liang Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catherine, Canada

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Zhuolun Song Divsion of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

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Odisho Israel Divsion of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada

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Gerald J Prud’homme Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada

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Qinghua Wang Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada

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Tianru Jin Divsion of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

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further expands our view on metabolic functions of the developmental Wnt signaling pathway effector during adulthood ( Jin 2016 ). PKA-mediated β-cat S675 phosphorylation was initially reported by Hino et al. (2005) . Such phosphorylation was then

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DR Brigstock
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The CCN family comprises cysteine-rich 61 (CYR61/CCN1), connective tIssue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2), nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV/CCN3), and Wnt-induced secreted proteins-1 (WISP-1/CCN4), -2 (WISP-2/CCN5) and -3 (WISP-3/CCN6). These proteins stimulate mitosis, adhesion, apoptosis, extracellular matrix production, growth arrest and migration of multiple cell types. Many of these activities probably occur through the ability of CCN proteins to bind and activate cell surface integrins. Accumulating evidence supports a role for these factors in endocrine pathways and endocrine-related processes. To illustrate the broad role played by the CCN family in basic and clinical endocrinology, this Article highlights the relationship between CCN proteins and hormone action, skeletal growth, placental angiogenesis, IGF-binding proteins and diabetes-induced fibrosis.

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Yarikipati Prathibha Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

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Balasubramanian Senthilkumaran Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

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Introduction Ovarian development is regulated by various signaling pathways along with other growth factors. Wnt/Frizzled pathways play an important role in ovarian embryogenesis, folliculogenesis and possibly ovulation and luteinization in

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Claes Ohlsson Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Petra Henning Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Karin H Nilsson Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Jianyao Wu Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Karin L Gustafsson Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Klara Sjögren Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Anna Törnqvist Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Antti Koskela Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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Fu-Ping Zhang Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Marie K Lagerquist Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Matti Poutanen Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Juha Tuukkanen Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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Ulf H Lerner Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Sofia Movérare-Skrtic Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden

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reported to affect all aspects of skeletal development, including craniofacial, limb and joint formation. In addition, mutations in several members of the WNT signaling pathways result in skeletal malformations in humans and mice ( Balemans et al . 2001

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Virginia Rider Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas, USA

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Alex Talbott Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas, USA

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Anuradha Bhusri Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas, USA

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Zach Krumsick Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas, USA

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Sierra Foster Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas, USA

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Joshua Wormington Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas, USA

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Bruce F Kimler Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA

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). The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a critical function at the site of implantation as inhibition of this signaling pathway interferes with the process ( Mohamed et al . 2005 ). Several WNT proteins (WNT4, WNT5A, WNT6, and WNT7A) are highly expressed in

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Thomas Funck-Brentano Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Karin H Nilsson Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Robert Brommage Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Petra Henning Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Ulf H Lerner Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Antti Koskela Unit of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, MRC Oulu and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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Juha Tuukkanen Unit of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, MRC Oulu and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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Martine Cohen-Solal BIOSCAR UMRS 1132, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, Paris, France

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Sofia Movérare-Skrtic Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Claes Ohlsson Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Introduction WNT ligands belong to a family of 19 secreted cysteine-rich glycoproteins that are essential for development and tissue homeostasis ( Clevers & Nusse 2012 ). They signal through both the canonical WNT-β-catenin pathway and the

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Zuzana Saidak UMR‐1132 Inserm, Université Paris Diderot, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
UMR‐1132 Inserm, Université Paris Diderot, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France

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Carole Le Henaff UMR‐1132 Inserm, Université Paris Diderot, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
UMR‐1132 Inserm, Université Paris Diderot, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France

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Sofia Azzi UMR‐1132 Inserm, Université Paris Diderot, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
UMR‐1132 Inserm, Université Paris Diderot, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France

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Caroline Marty UMR‐1132 Inserm, Université Paris Diderot, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
UMR‐1132 Inserm, Université Paris Diderot, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France

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Pierre J Marie UMR‐1132 Inserm, Université Paris Diderot, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
UMR‐1132 Inserm, Université Paris Diderot, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France

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with other signalling pathways. Wnt signalling is an important regulator of osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and survival ( Baron & Kneissel 2013 ). The Wnt canonical pathway involves Wnt binding to the co-receptors LRP5 and Frizzled, leading

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Timothy J Dreyer Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK

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Jacob AC Keen Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK

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Leah M Wells Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK

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Scott J Roberts Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK

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negative regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway (reviewed by Holdsworth et al. 2019 ). Sclerostin achieves this through inhibition of wingless-related integration site (Wnt)–ligand interaction with low-density lipoprotein receptor protein 4

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