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Alberto Loizzo
Alberto Loizzo
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Santi M Spampinato
Santi M Spampinato
Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Psychology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', via Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Gabriele Campana
Gabriele Campana
Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Psychology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', via Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Stefano Vella
Stefano Vella
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Andrea Fortuna
Andrea Fortuna
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Loredana Costa
Loredana Costa
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Anna Capasso
Anna Capasso
Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Psychology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', via Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Palmiero Monteleone
Palmiero Monteleone
Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Psychology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', via Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Paolo Renzi
Paolo Renzi
Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Psychology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', via Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Stefano Loizzo
Stefano Loizzo
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during the first 3 weeks of postnatal life in rodents, both HPA feedback control mechanisms and brain receptors for opioids and corticosteroids reach their critical development. Stressful insults applied to developing mice during this period produce long
R Mastrocola
R Mastrocola
Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, Section of General Pathology, Corso Raffaello 30, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Via Genova 3, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Via Genova 3, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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F Restivo
F Restivo
Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, Section of General Pathology, Corso Raffaello 30, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Via Genova 3, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Via Genova 3, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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I Vercellinatto
I Vercellinatto
Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, Section of General Pathology, Corso Raffaello 30, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Via Genova 3, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Via Genova 3, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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O Danni
O Danni
Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, Section of General Pathology, Corso Raffaello 30, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Via Genova 3, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Via Genova 3, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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E Brignardello
E Brignardello
Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, Section of General Pathology, Corso Raffaello 30, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Via Genova 3, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Via Genova 3, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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M Aragno
M Aragno
Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, Section of General Pathology, Corso Raffaello 30, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Via Genova 3, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Via Genova 3, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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G Boccuzzi
G Boccuzzi
Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, Section of General Pathology, Corso Raffaello 30, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Via Genova 3, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Via Genova 3, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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structural abnormalities, as well as by degenerative changes in the brain (Weigner & Jacobsen 1998, McCall 2004 ). Both micro- and macrovascular cerebral diseases occurring in diabetic patients and the direct neuronal damage caused by chronically elevated
Jirapas Sripetchwandee
Jirapas Sripetchwandee
Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Hiranya Pintana
Hiranya Pintana
Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Piangkwan Sa-nguanmoo
Piangkwan Sa-nguanmoo
Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Chiraphat Boonnag
Chiraphat Boonnag
Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Wasana Pratchayasakul
Wasana Pratchayasakul
Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Nipon Chattipakorn
Nipon Chattipakorn
Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Siriporn C Chattipakorn
Siriporn C Chattipakorn
Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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mechanisms including brain insulin resistance, brain oxidative stress, impaired mitochondrial function in brain, changes in synaptic plasticity of hippocampus and loss of dendritic spine ( Pratchayasakul et al. 2011 , 2015 , Pipatpiboon et al. 2012
Hiranya Pintana
Hiranya Pintana
Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center
Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center
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Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center
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Wanpitak Pongkan
Wanpitak Pongkan
Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center
Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center
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Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center
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Wasana Pratchayasakul
Wasana Pratchayasakul
Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center
Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center
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Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center
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Nipon Chattipakorn
Nipon Chattipakorn
Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center
Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center
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Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center
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Siriporn C Chattipakorn
Siriporn C Chattipakorn
Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center
Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center
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Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center
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-insulin resistance, but also impaired brain insulin sensitivity, brain mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive decline ( Pintana et al . 2012 , 2013 , Pipatpiboon et al . 2013 ). Testosterone is an androgenic steroid hormone, which plays an important role in the
Michela Campolo
Michela Campolo
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Human and Social Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy
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Akbar Ahmad
Akbar Ahmad
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Human and Social Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy
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Rosalia Crupi
Rosalia Crupi
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Human and Social Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy
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Daniela Impellizzeri
Daniela Impellizzeri
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Human and Social Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy
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Rossana Morabito
Rossana Morabito
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Human and Social Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy
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Emanuela Esposito
Emanuela Esposito
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Human and Social Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy
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Salvatore Cuzzocrea
Salvatore Cuzzocrea
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Human and Social Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Human and Social Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy
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Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Human and Social Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy
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Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an insult to the brain from the application of an external physical force that leads to temporary or permanent structural and functional impairment of the brain. TBI is a leading cause of injury
Hiranya Pintana
Hiranya Pintana
Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Nattayaporn Apaijai
Nattayaporn Apaijai
Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Nipon Chattipakorn
Nipon Chattipakorn
Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Siriporn C Chattipakorn
Siriporn C Chattipakorn
Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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insulin resistance ( Pratchayasakul et al . 2011 ) but also leads to negative effects on brain mitochondrial function ( Pipatpiboon et al . 2012 ). Several previous studies have demonstrated that insulin resistance is associated with learning and memory
Han Yan
Han Yan
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Matthew Mitschelen
Matthew Mitschelen
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Georgina V Bixler
Georgina V Bixler
Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Genome Sciences Facility, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th ST BRC 1305, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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Robert M Brucklacher
Robert M Brucklacher
Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Genome Sciences Facility, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th ST BRC 1305, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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Julie A Farley
Julie A Farley
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Song Han
Song Han
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Willard M Freeman
Willard M Freeman
Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Genome Sciences Facility, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th ST BRC 1305, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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William E Sonntag
William E Sonntag
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progressively decrease with age ( Smith et al . 1989 ). There are many causes for impairments in GH and IGF1 secretion during adolescence including, but not limited to, traumatic brain injury, malformations of the hypothalamic/pituitary gland, neoplasm within
Marumi Osuna
Marumi Osuna
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Division of Life Science, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Department of Life Science, Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Research Management Bureau, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Division of Life Science, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Department of Life Science, Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Research Management Bureau, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Division of Life Science, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Department of Life Science, Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Research Management Bureau, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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Yokiko Sonobe
Yokiko Sonobe
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Division of Life Science, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Department of Life Science, Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Research Management Bureau, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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Eisuke Itakura
Eisuke Itakura
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Division of Life Science, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Department of Life Science, Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Research Management Bureau, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Division of Life Science, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Department of Life Science, Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Research Management Bureau, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Division of Life Science, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Department of Life Science, Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Research Management Bureau, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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Sukumar Devnath
Sukumar Devnath
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Division of Life Science, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Department of Life Science, Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Research Management Bureau, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Division of Life Science, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Department of Life Science, Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Research Management Bureau, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Division of Life Science, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Department of Life Science, Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Research Management Bureau, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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Takako Kato
Takako Kato
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Division of Life Science, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Department of Life Science, Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Research Management Bureau, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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Yukio Kato
Yukio Kato
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Division of Life Science, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Department of Life Science, Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Research Management Bureau, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Division of Life Science, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Department of Life Science, Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Research Management Bureau, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Division of Life Science, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Department of Life Science, Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Research Management Bureau, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Division of Life Science, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Department of Life Science, Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Research Management Bureau, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Division of Life Science, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Department of Life Science, Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Research Management Bureau, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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Kinji Inoue
Kinji Inoue
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Division of Life Science, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Department of Life Science, Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Research Management Bureau, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Division of Life Science, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Department of Life Science, Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Research Management Bureau, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Division of Life Science, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Department of Life Science, Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Research Management Bureau, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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gland. Such morphological characteristics resemble brain astrocytes. However, the biological significance of FS cells is still under discussion. Pituitary FS cells do not produce any of the classic pituitary hormones, however; they regulate the
Meredith A Kelleher
Meredith A Kelleher
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Hannah K Palliser
Hannah K Palliser
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David W Walker
David W Walker
Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Department of Physiology, John Hunter Hospital and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2310, Australia
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Jonathan J Hirst
Jonathan J Hirst
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associated with a high risk of foetal brain injury, leading to postnatal motor disorders, neurodevelopmental delay and long-term cognitive impairments. The risk of preterm birth is also higher in infants who are growth restricted or small for gestational age
Riccardo Dore
Riccardo Dore
Department of Internal Medicine I, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Luka Levata
Luka Levata
Department of Internal Medicine I, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Hendrik Lehnert
Hendrik Lehnert
Department of Internal Medicine I, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Carla Schulz
Carla Schulz
Department of Internal Medicine I, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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blood–brain barrier (BBB) by non-saturable transmembrane diffusion, consistent with its low lipophilicity ( Pan et al. 2007 , Price et al. 2007 ). This finding suggests that peripheral nesfatin-1 (either endogenous or exogenous) may access the CNS
