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The ‘973’ National Basic Research Program of China, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
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Introduction Macrovascular complications develop in >50% of the diabetic patients and result in high mortality ( King & Wakasaki 1999 , Forbes et al . 2004 ). Given the dramatic increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM
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-induced insulin resistance ( Boström et al . 2012 a ). These results suggested a potential protective role of irisin in the development of type 2 diabetes, one of the major obesity-associated metabolic diseases. In order to investigate the relevance of irisin in
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, type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, obstructive sleep apnoea, subfertility, cancers (breast, ovary, prostate, liver, endometrium and colon) and fatty liver disease/steatohepatitis leading to cirrhosis and liver failure. Key drivers of
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur – IISGS, Vigo, Spain
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Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur – IISGS, Vigo, Spain
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Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur – IISGS, Vigo, Spain
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Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur – IISGS, Vigo, Spain
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Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur – IISGS, Vigo, Spain
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Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur – IISGS, Vigo, Spain
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Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur – IISGS, Vigo, Spain
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nervous system (SNS) activation, favours the accumulation of visceral fat and contributes to the clinical presentation of visceral obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and related cardiometabolic complications. In addition, both circulating and local
Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle d’Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Brussels, Belgium
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St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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animal and human studies suggest that mature β-cells could regress backwards to a precursor-like stage and/or transdifferentiate into other islet cells in type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, cellular differentiation is not unidirectional. Indeed
Biotecan Medical Diagnostics Co., Ltd, Zhangjiang Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, China
Model Organism Division, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai, China
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adipocytes makes β3AR-based lipolysis and thermogenesis become a new therapeutic strategy against obesity and diabetes. 2-AAA is a potential regulator of glucose homeostasis, which is higher in T2D patients and considered to be a biomarker for T2D mellitus
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Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome to promote an exacerbated myelopoietic phenotype. The mechanisms of each of these risk factors in relation to myeloid-driven CAD are summarized in Fig. 1 (modified from Murphy & Tall 2016 ) and detailed below
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Introduction Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is recognized as a state of chronic inflammation. In addition to systemic and adipose tissue inflammation ( Dalmas et al. 2011 ), local inflammation within the endocrine pancreas has been established and
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particularly surprising, as observational studies have implicated low testosterone levels in both the development of insulin resistance and the pathogenesis of hyperglycemia and diabetes in men, and hyperglycemia requires β cell dysfunction to develop. In the
Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Example Disease Pancreatic insufficiency risk (Ahmed et al . 2003) Diabetes risk (Adler et al . 2008) I Failed synthesis G542X Severe High High II Failed protein processing F508del Severe High High III