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and 5′-flanking region for potential sequences that are recognized by PGR and estrogen receptor (ESR). Although no palindromic PRE (progesterone response element) could be identified in the 2 kb 5′-flanking region, this region contains one palindromic
Department of Medicine, Medical Library Building, Suite 316, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
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Department of Medicine, Medical Library Building, Suite 316, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
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Department of Medicine, Medical Library Building, Suite 316, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
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Department of Medicine, Medical Library Building, Suite 316, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
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Introduction Converging lines of evidence suggested that estrogen acts as an important paracrine factor to modulate testicular functions ( O’Donnell et al. 2001 ). Estrogen receptor (ER)α is present in the Leydig cells and ERβ is
National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Metabolism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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investigate the role of estrogens and progesterone in CYP2D regulation. The fluctuation of 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone circulating levels during the reproductive cycle is well documented. These female steroid hormones are synthesized and released by
Endocrinology, SBMS, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
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), growth hormone (GH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), the LH/FSH ratio, androgens, estrogen, progesterone, insulin, ghrelin, leap2, asprosin, subfatin, etc. IR and hyperinsulinemia IR refers to the reduced sensitivity of
Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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from exogenous administration of H 2 O 2 ( Newton et al. 1999 ). A decrease in Cu,Zn SOD expression and activity has been observed in human endometrial stromal cells in vitro following withdrawal of estrogen and progesterone leading to generation
Department of Reproductive Biology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico
Institute of Biomedical Research,
School of Dentistry and
School of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, INCMNSZ, Mexico City, Mexico
National Institute of Perinatology and School of Medicine, UNAM/Hospital General de México, Montes Urales No. 800, Col. Lomas Virreyes, Mexico, D.F., C.P. 11000, Mexico City, Mexico
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Department of Reproductive Biology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico
Institute of Biomedical Research,
School of Dentistry and
School of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, INCMNSZ, Mexico City, Mexico
National Institute of Perinatology and School of Medicine, UNAM/Hospital General de México, Montes Urales No. 800, Col. Lomas Virreyes, Mexico, D.F., C.P. 11000, Mexico City, Mexico
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Department of Reproductive Biology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico
Institute of Biomedical Research,
School of Dentistry and
School of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, INCMNSZ, Mexico City, Mexico
National Institute of Perinatology and School of Medicine, UNAM/Hospital General de México, Montes Urales No. 800, Col. Lomas Virreyes, Mexico, D.F., C.P. 11000, Mexico City, Mexico
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Department of Reproductive Biology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico
Institute of Biomedical Research,
School of Dentistry and
School of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, INCMNSZ, Mexico City, Mexico
National Institute of Perinatology and School of Medicine, UNAM/Hospital General de México, Montes Urales No. 800, Col. Lomas Virreyes, Mexico, D.F., C.P. 11000, Mexico City, Mexico
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Department of Reproductive Biology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico
Institute of Biomedical Research,
School of Dentistry and
School of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, INCMNSZ, Mexico City, Mexico
National Institute of Perinatology and School of Medicine, UNAM/Hospital General de México, Montes Urales No. 800, Col. Lomas Virreyes, Mexico, D.F., C.P. 11000, Mexico City, Mexico
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Department of Reproductive Biology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico
Institute of Biomedical Research,
School of Dentistry and
School of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, INCMNSZ, Mexico City, Mexico
National Institute of Perinatology and School of Medicine, UNAM/Hospital General de México, Montes Urales No. 800, Col. Lomas Virreyes, Mexico, D.F., C.P. 11000, Mexico City, Mexico
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Department of Reproductive Biology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico
Institute of Biomedical Research,
School of Dentistry and
School of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, INCMNSZ, Mexico City, Mexico
National Institute of Perinatology and School of Medicine, UNAM/Hospital General de México, Montes Urales No. 800, Col. Lomas Virreyes, Mexico, D.F., C.P. 11000, Mexico City, Mexico
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Department of Reproductive Biology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico
Institute of Biomedical Research,
School of Dentistry and
School of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, INCMNSZ, Mexico City, Mexico
National Institute of Perinatology and School of Medicine, UNAM/Hospital General de México, Montes Urales No. 800, Col. Lomas Virreyes, Mexico, D.F., C.P. 11000, Mexico City, Mexico
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, differentiation, and mineralization in the process of bone formation ( Qu et al. 1998 , Riggs et al. 2002 ). Even though osteoblastic cells posses the two isoforms of the estrogen-dependent nuclear progesterone receptor (PR) ( Rickard et al. 2002 ), the
BUL 457, Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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controlled trial (RCT) that physiological estrogen replacement as transdermal 17β-E 2 , which is not IGF1 suppressive, with cyclic progesterone, increases bone accrual rates at the spine and hip in adolescents with AN to approximate rates in normal
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primordial follicle assembly. In our previous research, we have shown that neonatal treatment with genistein, E 2 , or progesterone inhibits cyst breakdown and primordial follicle formation ( Chen et al . 2007 ). Our working model is that maternal estrogen
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, progesterone, dexamethasone and estrogen) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) induction on leptin, resistin and adiponectin release from placenta and fetal membranes (amnion and choriodecidua), and maternal subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle tissue
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aldosterone, which is bound primarily by albumin, other steroid hormones bind to CBG and SHBG with high (nM) affinity and specificity, with SHBG binding the major androgens and estrogens, and CBG binding the glucocorticoids and progesterone, preferentially