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). Many circadian clock proteins are transcription factors and directly regulate the rhythmic expression of thousands of genes via E-box response elements in target gene promoters ( Durgan & Young 2010 ). Recent epidemiological and experimental studies

effective. Therefore, a novel approach is necessary for the identification of new antidiabetic drugs that does not focus on a single specific target, but instead integrates the overall complexity of the disease. Gene expression signature (GES): a

specific hormone response elements (HREs) in genomic DNA, recruiting a complex group of transcriptional coactivators to regulate a specific subset of target genes. Although many coactivators have been described that interact with most steroid hormone

osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Both these pathways have subsequently been targeted by novel osteoporosis treatments. Table 1 Monogenic disorders that have identified key skeletal genes in bone remodelling. Disease Clinical features Gene

al. 1997 ). These qualities render lentiviral vectors potentially useful for the treatment of human pituitary adenomas. Beside direct therapeutic effects, a major aim of gene therapy is to prevent damage of non-target tissues. Taking

transcription of target genes by binding to LXR response elements (LXREs) as obligate heterodimers with retinoic X receptor α (RXRα; Willy et al . 1995 ). Since their discovery, multiple LXR target genes that are involved in cholesterol and lipid transport and

in its target genes ( Sinha et al . 2014 ). The liver might serve as an alternative depot for lipid storage when adipose capacity is exceeded as in obesity ( Agarwal & Garg 2006 ), as well as an important target organ of T3 (3,5,3-triiodi- l

, nGREs have been identified only in the promoter region of a limited number of genes, because nGREs do not have a highly conserved sequence. Moreover, nGREs exhibit an inhibitory effect on the transcription of target genes in a cell-type-specific manner

deregulation of PLAG1 target genes and tumor formation ( Voz et al . 2000 , 2004 ). The tumorigenic capacity of PLAG1 was confirmed in transgenic mouse models in which targeted Plag1 overexpression in the salivary and mammary glands resulted in tumor

. 2D and F ). SASP and pro-survival NF-κB target gene expression is activated during the development of pituitary tumours The balance between cell proliferation and senescence mechanisms, which is linked to NF-κB activation, finally defines