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P Michael Conn
P Michael Conn
Divisions of Neuroscience and Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center and
Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 NW 185th Ave., Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
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Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 NW 185th Ave., Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
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Jo Ann Janovick
Jo Ann Janovick
Divisions of Neuroscience and Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center and
Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 NW 185th Ave., Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
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Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 NW 185th Ave., Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
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Shaun P Brothers
Shaun P Brothers
Divisions of Neuroscience and Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center and
Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 NW 185th Ave., Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
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Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 NW 185th Ave., Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
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Paul E Knollman
Paul E Knollman
Divisions of Neuroscience and Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center and
Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 NW 185th Ave., Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
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Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 NW 185th Ave., Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
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dramatic effect on plasma membrane expression. Accordingly, these rodent receptors that interfere with human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) plasma membrane expression frequently do not have any impact on rat or mouse GnRHR, since, although
J Shaik Mohamed
J Shaik Mohamed
Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, Texas 78373, USA
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I A Khan
I A Khan
Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, Texas 78373, USA
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Introduction Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) plays an important role in the control of vertebrate reproduction. Similarly, GnRH or GnRH-like peptides occur in some protochordate and invertebrate species ( Adams et al. 2003
Matthew W S Lim
Matthew W S Lim
School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Angela K Lucas-Herald
Angela K Lucas-Herald
School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
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Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
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Avril Mason
Avril Mason
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
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Christian Delles
Christian Delles
School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Paul J Connelly
Paul J Connelly
School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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secretion of gonadal sex steroids (oestrogen and testosterone) ( Flanagan & Manilall 2017 ). This is achieved and regulated via the activation of the anterior pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptors via its decapeptide ligand. Consequently
J T Smith
J T Smith
School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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A Roseweir
A Roseweir
Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
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Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
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M Millar
M Millar
Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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I J Clarke
I J Clarke
Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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R P Millar
R P Millar
Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Immunology and Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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2005 Activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons by kisspeptin as a neuroendocrine switch for the onset of puberty . Journal of Neuroscience 25 11349 – 11356 . ( https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3328-05.2005 ) 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3328
Andrea C Wilson
Andrea C Wilson
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Administration Hospital, University of Wisconsin, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Voyager Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raleigh, North Carolina 27615, USA
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Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Voyager Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raleigh, North Carolina 27615, USA
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M Shahriar Salamat
M Shahriar Salamat
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Administration Hospital, University of Wisconsin, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Voyager Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raleigh, North Carolina 27615, USA
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Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Voyager Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raleigh, North Carolina 27615, USA
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Ryan J Haasl
Ryan J Haasl
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Administration Hospital, University of Wisconsin, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Voyager Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raleigh, North Carolina 27615, USA
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Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Voyager Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raleigh, North Carolina 27615, USA
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Kelly M Roche
Kelly M Roche
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Administration Hospital, University of Wisconsin, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Voyager Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raleigh, North Carolina 27615, USA
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Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Voyager Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raleigh, North Carolina 27615, USA
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Anjali Karande
Anjali Karande
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Administration Hospital, University of Wisconsin, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Voyager Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raleigh, North Carolina 27615, USA
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Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Voyager Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raleigh, North Carolina 27615, USA
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Sivan Vadakkadath Meethal
Sivan Vadakkadath Meethal
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Administration Hospital, University of Wisconsin, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Voyager Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raleigh, North Carolina 27615, USA
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Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Voyager Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raleigh, North Carolina 27615, USA
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Ei Terasawa
Ei Terasawa
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Administration Hospital, University of Wisconsin, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Voyager Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raleigh, North Carolina 27615, USA
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Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Voyager Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raleigh, North Carolina 27615, USA
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Richard L Bowen
Richard L Bowen
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Administration Hospital, University of Wisconsin, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Voyager Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raleigh, North Carolina 27615, USA
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Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Voyager Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raleigh, North Carolina 27615, USA
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Craig S Atwood
Craig S Atwood
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Administration Hospital, University of Wisconsin, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Voyager Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raleigh, North Carolina 27615, USA
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Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Voyager Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raleigh, North Carolina 27615, USA
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Introduction Luteinizing hormone (LH) is secreted from gonadotropes of the anterior pituitary into the bloodstream following pulsatile stimulation by hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone I (GnRH I; Larsen et al. 2002 ). LH
Romain Fontaine
Romain Fontaine
Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Eirill Ager-Wick
Eirill Ager-Wick
Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Kjetil Hodne
Kjetil Hodne
Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Finn-Arne Weltzien
Finn-Arne Weltzien
Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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e58159 . ( https://doi.org/10.3791/58159 ) Aizen J Kasuto H Golan M Zakay H Levavi-Sivan B 2007 Tilapia follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): immunochemistry, stimulation by gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and effect of biologically
Atsushi Fukushima
Atsushi Fukushima
Department of Physiology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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Ping Yin
Ping Yin
Department of Physiology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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Maho Ishida
Maho Ishida
Department of Physiology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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Nobuhiro Sugiyama
Nobuhiro Sugiyama
Department of Physiology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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Jun Arita
Jun Arita
Department of Physiology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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Introduction The preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in cyclic rats and the daily surge in ovariectomized, estrogen-treated rats are caused by the central action of estrogen on the gonadotropin-releasing hormone
J Christoffel
J Christoffel
Division of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str 40, 37099 Göttingen, Germany
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G Rimoldi
G Rimoldi
Division of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str 40, 37099 Göttingen, Germany
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W Wuttke
W Wuttke
Division of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str 40, 37099 Göttingen, Germany
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stimulatory effect on prolactin release are exerted in the hypothalamus as well as in the pituitary. Hence, both structures express ERα and ERβ. The release of the pituitary gonatrotropins is stimulated by hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), of
Farrah L Saleh
Farrah L Saleh
Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Frank H. Netter School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Frank H. Netter School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Aditi A Joshi
Aditi A Joshi
Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Aya Tal
Aya Tal
Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Patricia Xu
Patricia Xu
Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Julie R Hens
Julie R Hens
Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Serena L Wong
Serena L Wong
Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Clare A Flannery
Clare A Flannery
Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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hypothalamus, IR is present in both the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-secreting neurons and kisspeptin neurons. The onset of puberty is marked by increased GnRH pulsatility, which in turn initiates signaling across the HPO axis ( DiVall & Radovick 2009
Xiaoning Li
Xiaoning Li
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
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Junhua Xiao
Junhua Xiao
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
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Yating Fan
Yating Fan
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
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Kan Yang
Kan Yang
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
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Kai Li
Kai Li
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
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Xin Wang
Xin Wang
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
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Yanhua Lu
Yanhua Lu
State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Yuxun Zhou
Yuxun Zhou
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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) axis, symbolized by the pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) ( Ebling 2005 ). GnRH is a peptide hormone composed of ten amino acids (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2) ( Lee et al. 2008 ) and represents the final
