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Olena A Fedorenko School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

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Pawitra Pulbutr Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand

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Elin Banke Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden

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Nneoma E Akaniro-Ejim School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

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Donna C Bentley School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK

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Charlotta S Olofsson Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden

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Sue Chan School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

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Paul A Smith School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

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storage in healthy WFA. Extracellular Ca 2+ influx is implicated in the processes of fat storage ( Arruda & Hotamisligil 2015 ): lipolysis ( Schimmel 1978 , Izawa et al. 1983 , Allen & Beck 1986 ) and lipogenesis ( Avasthy et al. 1988 ). Indeed

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Sung-Soo Park Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea

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Yeon-Joo Lee Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea

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Sooyeon Song Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea

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Boyong Kim Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju, South Korea

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Hyuno Kang Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju, South Korea

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Sejong Oh Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea

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Eungseok Kim Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea

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unexplored. The liver plays a key role in whole-body energy homeostasis by regulating lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation ( Reddy & Rao 2006 ). A large body of evidence has shown that two transcription factors, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c

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Tomoaki Hayakawa Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

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Tomomi Minemura Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

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Toshiharu Onodera Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

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Jihoon Shin Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
Department of Diabetes Care Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

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Yosuke Okuno Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

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Atsunori Fukuhara Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
Department of Adipose Management, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

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Michio Otsuki Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

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Iichiro Shimomura Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

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on liver mRNA and TG content Finally, we analyzed liver mRNA levels on lipogenesis ( Fig. 7A ). The levels of lipogenic genes were not significantly different between the two groups, whereas liver TG content tended to be lower in the AdipoMR-KO mice

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Caroline E Geisler School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA

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Benjamin J Renquist School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA

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hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL), (3) decreased hepatic beta-oxidation and ketogenesis, or (4) decreased export of lipids from the liver in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). Hepatic lipids as signaling molecules Hepatic fatty acids act as

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Flávia Maria Silva-Veiga Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Carolline Santos Miranda Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Fabiane Ferreira Martins Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Julio Beltrame Daleprane Laboratory for Studies of Interactions between Nutrition and Genetics, LEING, Institute of Nutrition, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Vanessa Souza-Mello Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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vs HFRU; and +60% for HFRUC vs HFRU, Fig. 7D ) in comparison with their counterparts. Treatments reduced hepatic lipogenesis and countered inflammation Lipogenesis increased in the HFRU group, which showed higher Pparγ (+228%, Fig. 8A

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Samira Fargali Departments of, Neuroscience, Medicine, Geriatrics, Box 1065, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA

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Thomas Scherer Departments of, Neuroscience, Medicine, Geriatrics, Box 1065, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA

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Andrew C Shin Departments of, Neuroscience, Medicine, Geriatrics, Box 1065, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA

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Masato Sadahiro Departments of, Neuroscience, Medicine, Geriatrics, Box 1065, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA

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Christoph Buettner Departments of, Neuroscience, Medicine, Geriatrics, Box 1065, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA
Departments of, Neuroscience, Medicine, Geriatrics, Box 1065, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA

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Stephen R Salton Departments of, Neuroscience, Medicine, Geriatrics, Box 1065, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA
Departments of, Neuroscience, Medicine, Geriatrics, Box 1065, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA

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underlying decreased adiposity in Vgf knockout mice. Expression of proteins involved in glucose uptake or lipogenesis was unchanged: GLUT4, the main transporter involved in glucose uptake into WAT, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and additional enzymes important

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Isao Tamura Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan

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Hiroshi Tamura Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan

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Mai Kawamoto-Jozaki Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan

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Yumiko Doi-Tanaka Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan

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Haruka Takagi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan

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Yuichiro Shirafuta Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan

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Yumiko Mihara Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan

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Ryo Maekawa Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan

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Toshiaki Taketani Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan

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Shun Sato Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan

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Norihiro Sugino Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan

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utilization by melatonin treatment would lead to the downregulation of intermediates in the TCA cycle. Citrate is one of the intermediates and is used as the source for de novo lipogenesis (Martinez-Reyes & Chandel 2020 ). Melatonin treatment significantly

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A. J. THODY
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MARY F. COOPER
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P. E. BOWDEN
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D. MEDDIS
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S. SHUSTER
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SUMMARY

The effects of α-MSH and testosterone propionate on sebum secretion, sebaceous gland volume, dermal lipogenesis, and preputial gland weight and lipogenesis were examined in hypophysectomized rats. Hypophysectomy reduced sebum secretion, sebaceous and preputial gland size, and dermal and preputial gland lipogenesis. The greatest effects were seen on the biosynthesis of wax esters and squalene. Testosterone propionate (TP) increased sebum secretion, sebaceous gland volume and preputial gland weight and lipogenic activity, but had no significant effect on the pattern of lipid labelling. α-MSH had no effect on sebaceous or preputial gland size, but increased sebum secretion and dermal lipogenesis, especially wax ester biosynthesis. When given together TP and α-MSH had a synergistic effect on sebum secretion and on dermal and preputial gland lipogenesis, and the pattern of lipid labelling was shifted towards normal. TP and α-MSH also showed synergism in increasing preputial gland weight, but together they had no greater effect on sebaceous gland volume than that achieved with TP alone.

These results suggest that TP and α-MSH have different actions on the sebaceous glands with α-MSH acting predominantly on lipogenesis and TP on cellular proliferation and turnover leading to an increase in gland size. Preputial glands differ from cutaneous sebaceous glands in their response to α-MSH and androgen which could be a reflection of their more specialized function.

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Esther Dos Santos Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, UPRES EA 2493, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, Centre hospitalier de Poissy, Université Versailles St Quentin, 78303 Poissy Cedex, France

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Marie-Noëlle Dieudonné Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, UPRES EA 2493, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, Centre hospitalier de Poissy, Université Versailles St Quentin, 78303 Poissy Cedex, France

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Marie-Christine Leneveu Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, UPRES EA 2493, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, Centre hospitalier de Poissy, Université Versailles St Quentin, 78303 Poissy Cedex, France

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René Pecquery Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, UPRES EA 2493, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, Centre hospitalier de Poissy, Université Versailles St Quentin, 78303 Poissy Cedex, France

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Valérie Serazin Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, UPRES EA 2493, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, Centre hospitalier de Poissy, Université Versailles St Quentin, 78303 Poissy Cedex, France

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Yves Giudicelli Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, UPRES EA 2493, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France Ouest, Centre hospitalier de Poissy, Université Versailles St Quentin, 78303 Poissy Cedex, France

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-Dub & Corbetta 1997) and by increasing lipogenesis (lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid synthase activities; Shirling et al. 1981, Lacasa et al. 2001 ). Estrogens also exert multiple effects on adipose tissue metabolism. For example, high concentrations of

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Andre Sarmento-Cabral Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Mercedes del Rio-Moreno Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Mari C Vazquez-Borrego Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Mariyah Mahmood Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Elena Gutierrez-Casado Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Natalie Pelke Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Grace Guzman Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Papasani V Subbaiah Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Jose Cordoba-Chacon Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Shoshana Yakar Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA

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Rhonda D Kineman Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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model of adult-onset, hepatocyte-specific knockdown of the GHR (aHepGHRkd; 10–12 week-old, GHR fl / fl mice treated with AAV8-TBGp-Cre). One week after aHepGHRkd, hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) was increased in both male and female chow-fed mice

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