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Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes
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Susana Astiz
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Cristina Ovilo Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Micros Veterinaria, INIA, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain

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Clemente J Lopez-Bote Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Micros Veterinaria, INIA, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain

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Raul Sanchez-Sanchez
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Maria L Perez-Solana
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Laura Torres-Rovira Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Micros Veterinaria, INIA, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain

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Miriam Ayuso Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Micros Veterinaria, INIA, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain

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Jorge Gonzalez Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Micros Veterinaria, INIA, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain

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undernutrition or overnutrition induces higher body corpulence and adiposity, development of metabolic syndrome and the prodrome of type-2 diabetes in the first generation of descendants ( Barbero et al . 2013 ). The objective of this study was to determine the

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Renato Simões Gaspar Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil

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Renata Ohana Alves Benevides Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil

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João Lucas de Lima Fontelles Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil

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Caroline Castro Vale Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil

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Lucas Martins França Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil

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Paulo de Tarso Silva Barros Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

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Antonio Marcus de Andrade Paes Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil

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Introduction Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have escalating prevalence worldwide and have reached an epidemic proportion, affecting the world population regardless of ethnicity or Human Development Index ( O’Neill & O’Driscoll 2015

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Umberto Simeoni Division of Pediatrics & DOHaD Laboratory, CHUV University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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Clive Osmond MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

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Ricardo Garay Craven, Villemoisson-sur-Orge, France

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Christophe Buffat Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France

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Farid Boubred Division of Neonatology, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France

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Christophe Chagnaud Division of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France

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Elisabeth Jouve UPCET, Clinical Pharmacology, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France

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Christine Audebert UPCET, Clinical Pharmacology, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France

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Jean-Michel Antoine Danone Institute International, Paris, France

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Kent Thornburg Bob and Charlee Moore Institute for Nutrition and Wellness, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA

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individual to be vulnerable for the metabolic syndrome (T2DM, high plasma triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol and hypertension) ( Barker 2000 ). Low birthweight babies have decreased muscle mass in infancy ( Robinson et al . 1991 ), a condition maintained

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Mathis Grossmann Department of Medicine Austin Health, Department of Endocrinology, University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
Department of Medicine Austin Health, Department of Endocrinology, University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia

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for the large proportion of men with metabolic disorders, defined here as type 2 diabetes and or the metabolic syndrome, but without clear-cut classical hypogonadism, is not known. This is because we have insufficient evidence to conclusively answer

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Hong-Yo Kang Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Hormone Research Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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current knowledge of the metabolic and vascular actions of testosterone in these disorders – specifically, how testosterone deficiency contributes to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes ( Kelly & Jones 2013 a ), and cardiovascular

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Isabel Huang-Doran Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science

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Alison Sleigh Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science

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Justin J Rochford Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science

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Stephen O'Rahilly Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science

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David B Savage Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science

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, we briefly summarise the lipodystrophy syndromes, their presentation and their classification, then we review recent work into the causes and effects of lipodystrophy, and how the insights they provide may be applicable to prevalent metabolic disease

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Romy I Kerbus Department of Anatomy and Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand

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Megan A Inglis Department of Anatomy and Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand

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Greg M Anderson Department of Anatomy and Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand

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characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 90 1929 – 1935 . ( https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-1045 ) Baker BJ Akhtar LN & Benveniste EN 2009 SOCS1 and SOCS3 in the

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Takeshi Iwasa Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan

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Toshiya Matsuzaki Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan

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Kiyohito Yano Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan

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Yiliyasi Mayila Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan

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Rie Yanagihara Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan

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Yuri Yamamoto Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan

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Akira Kuwahara Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan

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Minoru Irahara Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan

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://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2013.01.013 ) Barber TM Wass JA McCarthy MI Franks S 2007 Metabolic characteristics of women with polycystic ovaries and oligo-amenorrhea but normal androgen levels: implications for the management of polycystic ovary syndrome

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Laura D Ratner Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Guillermina Stevens Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Hospital General de Agudos J. M. Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Maria Marta Bonaventura Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Victoria A Lux-Lantos Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Matti Poutanen Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Ricardo S Calandra Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Ilpo T Huhtaniemi Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Susana B Rulli Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Introduction Metabolic syndrome is a growing epidemic worldwide that involves 1 out of 4 adult people, and its prevalence increases with age ( Grundy 2008 ). The consensus statement provided by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF

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Susan Kralisch Medical Department, Leipzig University Medical Center, LIFE Study Center, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Medical Department, Leipzig University Medical Center, LIFE Study Center, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany

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Anke Tönjes Medical Department, Leipzig University Medical Center, LIFE Study Center, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Medical Department, Leipzig University Medical Center, LIFE Study Center, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Medical Department, Leipzig University Medical Center, LIFE Study Center, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany

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Kerstin Krause Medical Department, Leipzig University Medical Center, LIFE Study Center, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany

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Judit Richter Medical Department, Leipzig University Medical Center, LIFE Study Center, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Medical Department, Leipzig University Medical Center, LIFE Study Center, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany

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Ulrike Lossner Medical Department, Leipzig University Medical Center, LIFE Study Center, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Medical Department, Leipzig University Medical Center, LIFE Study Center, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany

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Peter Kovacs Medical Department, Leipzig University Medical Center, LIFE Study Center, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany

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Thomas Ebert Medical Department, Leipzig University Medical Center, LIFE Study Center, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany

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Matthias Blüher Medical Department, Leipzig University Medical Center, LIFE Study Center, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Medical Department, Leipzig University Medical Center, LIFE Study Center, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany

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Michael Stumvoll Medical Department, Leipzig University Medical Center, LIFE Study Center, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Medical Department, Leipzig University Medical Center, LIFE Study Center, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Medical Department, Leipzig University Medical Center, LIFE Study Center, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany

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Mathias Fasshauer Medical Department, Leipzig University Medical Center, LIFE Study Center, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Medical Department, Leipzig University Medical Center, LIFE Study Center, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany

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and independently correlated with facets of the metabolic syndrome including obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia in nondiabetic subjects. In agreement with this notion, circulating FGF21 is increased in T2DM compared with

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