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Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Department of Animal Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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) in both normal and pathophysiological conditions. In women, androgens are produced in the ovaries ( Franks & Hardy 2018 ), adrenal glands ( Burger 2002 ), and fat cells ( Cadagan et al . 2014 ) which exhibit its actions directly through androgen
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Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West HSC 4H30A, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West HSC 4H30A, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
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multiple generations ( Gluckman et al . 2007 , Aiken & Ozanne 2014 ). Although science has made significant advances in understanding how this occurs, the exact signaling pathways still remain unclear. As germ cells (oocytes) in the growing fetal ovary
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functional significance of the ovary peripheral innervation in the pathogenesis of reproductive endocrine disorders. In rats, most of the sympathetic fibers innervating the ovaries arise from the superior mesenteric/celiac plexus ganglia and reach the ovary
Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neurobiology, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK
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Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neurobiology, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK
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Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neurobiology, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK
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Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neurobiology, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK
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Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neurobiology, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK
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Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neurobiology, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK
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Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neurobiology, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK
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Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neurobiology, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK
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& Foster 1998 , Sharma et al. 2002 ) and abnormal development of the ovary ( West et al. 2001 , Steckler et al. 2005 ). The focus of this report is on the effects of in utero exposure to testosterone on ovarian function in postnatal life. The
State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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body fat stores and help the organism attain a balanced state between energy output and intake ( Halaas et al . 1995 ). Besides, leptin can influence the ovary function and developing embryo through its interaction with gonadotropins and the hormones
Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
School of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Inje University, Kimhae, South Korea
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Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
School of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Inje University, Kimhae, South Korea
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Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
School of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Inje University, Kimhae, South Korea
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Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
School of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Inje University, Kimhae, South Korea
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Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
School of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Inje University, Kimhae, South Korea
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Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
School of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Inje University, Kimhae, South Korea
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in various tissues, while CD46 is detected predominantly in testes ( Kumar et al. 1993 , Mead et al. 1999 ). In the human ovary, CD46 and DAF protein are found in granulosa cells of primordial follicles, and in both granulosa and theca cells of
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The importance of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) as a cause of anovulatory infertility and of hirsutism has been recognized for more than half a century but it has become increasingly obvious that the presence of polycystic ovaries has wider implications within and beyond the field of reproductive function. This is largely due to recent advances in ultrasound imaging of the ovaries. It is clear that polycystic ovaries are not only much more prevalent in patients with anovulation or hirsutism than would be predicted from endocrine investigation alone (Adams, Poison & Franks, 1986; Fox, Corrigan, Thomas & Hull, 1991) but also occur in over 80% of 'fertile' women who have a history of recurrent early pregnancy loss (Sagle, Bishop, Ridley et al. 1988) and in a significant proportion (22%) of the normal population (Polson, Adams, Wadsworth & Franks, 1988). The latter findings have called into question the specificity of the polycystic
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(aromatase knockout mouse, ArKO: Fisher et al . 1998 , Britt et al . 2000 ). ERα and ERβ exhibit species-/tissue-/cell-specific localisation and levels of expression ( Fig. 1 ). ERβ has been detected primarily in the ovary (granulosa cells, theca cells
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Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science, Victoria University, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
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Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science, Victoria University, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University and Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
Medicine at Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine condition affecting females of reproductive age, with women suffering from a wide range of ill-health symptoms including endocrine, reproductive, metabolic and
Departments of, Physiology and Biophysics, Pharmacology, Cell and Development of Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences
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steroidogenesis in ovarian cells in vitro ( Barbieri et al . 1983 ) and the presence of insulin receptor in both stromal and follicular compartments of human ovary ( Poretsky et al . 1984 ) have established the ovary as a target organ for insulin action