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The effects of disodium oestradiol disulphate, sodium oestrone sulphate, testosterone sulphate and strophanthin on the mouse, rabbit, rat and human uterus in vitro have been investigated. All the sex hormone derivatives produced qualitatively similar effects which appear to depend on the hormonal environment of the uterus. Strophanthin consistently produced a motor effect.
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SUMMARY
The production of prostaglandins by the uterus and the resting levels of prostaglandins in the uterus on selected days of the oestrous cycle were determined in guinea-pigs.
Prostaglandin F2α was detectable in the guinea-pig uterus in small amounts on days 13, 14 and 15 of the cycle. Prostaglandin E2 was present in even smaller amounts on days 14 and 15. The homogenized guinea-pig uterus had the ability to biosynthesize prostaglandins, from endogenous precursors, during incubation on every day of the cycle studied. Four to six times more prostaglandin F2α than E2 was produced on any one day with the amounts of prostaglandins formed increasing towards the end of the oestrous cycle. Indomethacin inhibited the biosynthesis of prostaglandins by the guinea-pig uterus. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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SUMMARY
The effects of desamino-oxytocin and oxytocin on the human pregnant uterus were compared by means of tocographic measurements. Desamino-oxytocin was found to be twice as potent as oxytocin.
Department of Biological Sciences, Allergan Inc., Irvine, California, USA
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Department of Biological Sciences, Allergan Inc., Irvine, California, USA
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Department of Biological Sciences, Allergan Inc., Irvine, California, USA
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Department of Biological Sciences, Allergan Inc., Irvine, California, USA
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Department of Biological Sciences, Allergan Inc., Irvine, California, USA
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). Previous studies in this laboratory have suggested that the uterus from the non-pregnant mouse has a similar TP receptor and FP receptor population ( Kennedy et al. 1994 , Hutchinson et al. 2003 ) to that found in the non-gestational human myometrium
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The antioestrogens clomiphene and tamoxifen exhibit both agonistic and antagonistic properties in the rat uterus. The effect of these antioestrogens on RNA polymerase activities in the rat uterus was investigated. Both compounds stimulated an early increase in the activity of endogenous RNA polymerase B similar to that observed after oestradiol treatment. A secondary stimulation of activity of RNA polymerase B was observed after treatment with oestradiol and both antioestrogens. In addition, the activity of endogenous RNA polymerase A was increased initially at 1 h by all three compounds but this activity was maintained at 24 h only by oestradiol.
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SUMMARY
On day 9 of dioestrus the uteri of pseudopregnant rats bearing deciduomata were either slit lengthwise to curette out the decidual tissue or were removed in toto to determine if the prolonging effect of decidualization on pseudopregnancy could be eliminated. Both operations significantly reduced the length of the pseudopregnancy dioestrus (combined mean of 19·3 ± 0·56 days v. 22·2 ± 0·77 days for rats with intact deciduomata; P < 0·01). Conversely, the control experiment of slitting the non-decidualized uterus on day 9 significantly prolonged pseudopregnancy in comparison with control groups (19·2 ± 0·92 days v. 13·5 ± 0·37 days for pseudopregnant controls which were not subjected to operation, or had a laparotomy or uterine traumatization performed on day 9; P < 0·001). The effect of slitting the uterus on other days of pseudopregnancy was investigated. The mechanism through which slitting prolongs pseudopregnancy is unknown.
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SUMMARY
The oxytocin-inactivating activity (OIA) of rat uterus homogenates was studied in intact animals and in animals with bilateral intrauterine devices (IUD). In another series of experiments the OIA of the rat uterus was related to the mast cell count of uteri from intact rats and from rats with bilateral intrauterine devices. The OIA of the homogenates was significantly higher at oestrus than at dioestrus. No such increase was observed in homogenates from rats at oestrus with bilateral IUD's. The IUD caused an increase in the mast cell population at oestrus and the increase in mast cell counts observed in uterine homogenates of intact rats at dioestrus was not observed in the presence of a device. No correlation between the OIA of uterine homogenates and the mast cell population was observed in animals with or without IUD at oestrus or dioestrus.
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SUMMARY
Glycogen was investigated in uteri of intact and progesterone-treated spayed rats with and without deciduomata. Samples of whole uterus, endometrium and myometrium were analysed. With development of deciduoma in intact animals the glycogen concentration of whole uterus increased from 68 to 125 mg./100 g. wet weight. There was no change in the myometrial glycogen concentration; i.e. 74 mg./100 g. without deciduoma and 73 mg./100 g. wet weight in the decidual myometrium. The endometrial glycogen content of decidual tissue was 221 mg./100 g. wet weight. Since myometrial glycogen was constant, the increases observed in the decidual tissue of whole uteri must be due to an increase in the amount of endometrium and/or an increase in the concentration of glycogen in the endometrium. As the deciduoma developed the proportion of endometrium increased from 9% in the uninjured horn to 34% in the injured horn. Thus, an increase in the amount of endometrium contributes to the increase in the glycogen concentration. Similar changes were observed in whole uterus, myometrium and endometrium of the spayed animals treated with progesterone. Previous work on uterine glycogen in rats indicated that oestrogens cause glycogen deposition and this occurs only in the myometrium, while progesterone exhibits no effect. The present results demonstrate that progesterone is responsible for the glycogen increase by stimulating the growth of endometrium—a glycogen-rich tissue. Since no endometrial tissue could be obtained from horns without decidual development, this study could not determine whether progesterone had any effect on glycogen deposition.
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The effects of sodium oestrone sulphate on the uterus of the mouse in vitro have been investigated.
Motor effects are produced on the uterus of (1) oestrous animals and (2) ovariectomized animals treated with oestradiol and certain other steroids. Inhibitory effects are produced on the uterus of (1) metoestrous animals, (2) pregnant animals and (3) ovariectomized animals treated with progesterone, testosterone and certain other steroids. The antagonism between oestradiol on the one hand, and progesterone and testosterone on the other, has been studied.
Steroids which produce a condition of the uterus in which it is inhibited by sodium oestrone sulphate also inhibit the vaginal response to oestrogen in ovariectomized mice.
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ABSTRACT
Ovariectomized mice were treated with oestrogen and progesterone on a schedule to mimic early pregnancy. Decidualization was induced with oil and uteri were examined at various times after the last progesterone injection.
The first morphological change detected in the uterus of decidualized mice following withdrawal of progesterone was infiltration of leucocytes into the stroma. This preceded overt tissue breakdown and extravasation of blood cells, and did not occur following withdrawal of progesterone without decidualization. It is suggested either that there is a release of a chemoattractant from decidual cells before any morphological changes are apparent or that the signal for attracting the leucocytes is released at the time of decidual induction, but that their migration is suppressed by progesterone.
J. Endocr. (1986) 110, 93–96
