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Guohong Liu Immusol Inc., 10790 Roselle Street, San Diego, California 92121, USA
Department of Pathology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany

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Mirta Grifman Immusol Inc., 10790 Roselle Street, San Diego, California 92121, USA
Department of Pathology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany

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James Macdonald Immusol Inc., 10790 Roselle Street, San Diego, California 92121, USA
Department of Pathology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany

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Peter Moller Immusol Inc., 10790 Roselle Street, San Diego, California 92121, USA
Department of Pathology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany

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Flossie Wong-Staal Immusol Inc., 10790 Roselle Street, San Diego, California 92121, USA
Department of Pathology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany

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Qi-Xiang Li Immusol Inc., 10790 Roselle Street, San Diego, California 92121, USA
Department of Pathology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany

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by elevating adiponectin level in vivo. However, rosiglitazone has side effects such as promoting adipogenesis, causing body weight gain and recently shown to increase cardiovascular risk. Therefore, a small molecule that enhances adiponectin

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AnneMarie Gagnon Chronic Disease Program, Departments of Medicine and of Biochemistry, Ottawa Health Research Institute, 725 Parkdale Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9
Chronic Disease Program, Departments of Medicine and of Biochemistry, Ottawa Health Research Institute, 725 Parkdale Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9

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Anne Landry Chronic Disease Program, Departments of Medicine and of Biochemistry, Ottawa Health Research Institute, 725 Parkdale Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9
Chronic Disease Program, Departments of Medicine and of Biochemistry, Ottawa Health Research Institute, 725 Parkdale Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9

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Alexander Sorisky Chronic Disease Program, Departments of Medicine and of Biochemistry, Ottawa Health Research Institute, 725 Parkdale Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9
Chronic Disease Program, Departments of Medicine and of Biochemistry, Ottawa Health Research Institute, 725 Parkdale Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9

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-adipogenic factors may be informative. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a negative regulator of adipogenesis ( Hauner et al . 1995 , Krieger-Brauer & Kather 1995 , Artemenko et al . 2005 ). PDGF receptor (PDGFR) mRNA and protein levels fall during 3T3-L1

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Maria Namwanje Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA

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Longhua Liu Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA

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Michelle Chan Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA

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Nikki Aaron Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
Department of Pharmacology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA

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Michael J Kraakman Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA

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Li Qiang Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA

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activity in vitro , using 3T3-L1 cells, suppressed adipogenesis. Our study highlights the unique functions of CBP and p300 in the regulation of fat remodeling and development and provides evidence for the therapeutic potential of CBP- and p300-selective

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Caroline Davidge-Pitts Endocrine Research Unit, Kogod Center on Aging, Division of Endocrinology

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Carlos J Escande Endocrine Research Unit, Kogod Center on Aging, Division of Endocrinology

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Cheryl A Conover Endocrine Research Unit, Kogod Center on Aging, Division of Endocrinology

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variability in donor characteristics. Thus, PAPPA expression in preadipocytes may be an intrinsic property of the fat depots and may play a role in depot-specific adipogenesis ( Tchkonia et al . 2002 ). Proinflammatory cytokines IL1β and TNFα are potent

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Jessica C Hogan Department of Biological Sciences, 202 Life Sciences Building, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA

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Jacqueline M Stephens Department of Biological Sciences, 202 Life Sciences Building, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA

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addition, adipogenic effects of LIF have been indicated by enhanced activity of glycerol-phosphate dehydrogenase and accumulation of lipid in Ob1771 cells during adipogenesis ( Aubert et al. 1999 ). However, other findings have shown that LIF prevents

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Jessica L Pierce Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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Ke-Hong Ding Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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Jianrui Xu Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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Anuj K Sharma Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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Kanglun Yu Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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Natalia del Mazo Arbona Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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Zuleika Rodríguez-Santos Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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Paul J Bernard Pediatric Endocrine Specialists of Georgia, Duluth, Georgia, USA

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Wendy B Bollag Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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Maribeth H Johnson Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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Mark W Hamrick Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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Dana L Begun Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

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Xing-Ming Shi Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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Carlos M Isales Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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Meghan E McGee-Lawrence Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA

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function and bone health. Recent studies have uncovered an intricate relationship between caloric intake and bone. For example, chronic caloric deficit induces high bone marrow adipogenesis accompanied by osteopenia in humans and mice ( Devlin et al

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J E Digby Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick, Gibbett Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Department of Biological Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, University of Warwick, Gibbett Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Warwickshire Nuffield Hospital, Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, CV32 6RW, UK

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J Chen Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick, Gibbett Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Department of Biological Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, University of Warwick, Gibbett Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Warwickshire Nuffield Hospital, Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, CV32 6RW, UK

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J Y Tang Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick, Gibbett Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Department of Biological Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, University of Warwick, Gibbett Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Warwickshire Nuffield Hospital, Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, CV32 6RW, UK

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H Lehnert Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick, Gibbett Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Department of Biological Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, University of Warwick, Gibbett Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Warwickshire Nuffield Hospital, Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, CV32 6RW, UK

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R N Matthews Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick, Gibbett Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Department of Biological Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, University of Warwick, Gibbett Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Warwickshire Nuffield Hospital, Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, CV32 6RW, UK

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H S Randeva Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick, Gibbett Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Department of Biological Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, University of Warwick, Gibbett Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Warwickshire Nuffield Hospital, Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, CV32 6RW, UK

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adipogenesis and modulation of adipocytes-specific genes ( Kintscher & Law 2005 ). In human adipose tissue, PPARγ-2 is the predominant isoform and is more highly expressed in s.c. compared with Ome adipose tissue ( Giusti et al. 2005 ). Furthermore, studies

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Susan Kralisch University of Leipzig, Department of Internal Medicine III, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
University of Lübeck, Department of Internal Medicine I, 23538 Lübeck, Germany

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Johannes Klein University of Leipzig, Department of Internal Medicine III, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
University of Lübeck, Department of Internal Medicine I, 23538 Lübeck, Germany

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Ulrike Lossner University of Leipzig, Department of Internal Medicine III, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
University of Lübeck, Department of Internal Medicine I, 23538 Lübeck, Germany

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Matthias Bluher University of Leipzig, Department of Internal Medicine III, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
University of Lübeck, Department of Internal Medicine I, 23538 Lübeck, Germany

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Ralf Paschke University of Leipzig, Department of Internal Medicine III, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
University of Lübeck, Department of Internal Medicine I, 23538 Lübeck, Germany

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Michael Stumvoll University of Leipzig, Department of Internal Medicine III, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
University of Lübeck, Department of Internal Medicine I, 23538 Lübeck, Germany

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Mathias Fasshauer University of Leipzig, Department of Internal Medicine III, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
University of Lübeck, Department of Internal Medicine I, 23538 Lübeck, Germany

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Visfatin mRNA expression is high in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and stimulated during adipogenesis We compared expression of visfatin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in vitro to visceral and subcutaneous fat depots of mice in vivo. As shown in Fig. 1A , visfatin

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Jin-Bong Lee Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon Republic of Korea
Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Sung-Jin Yoon Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Sang-Hyun Lee Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Moo-Seung Lee Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Haiyoung Jung Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Tae-Don Kim Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Suk Ran Yoon Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Inpyo Choi Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Ik-Soo Kim Hanwool Life Sciences, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Su Wol Chung School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea

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Hee Gu Lee Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Jeong-Ki Min Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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Young-Jun Park Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon Republic of Korea
Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea

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adipocytes ( Stephens et al . 1996 ). The phosphorylation of STAT5 promotes adipogenesis, is associated with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) ( Floyd & Stephens 2003 ) and increases the level of PPARγ stimulated by growth hormone regulation ( Kawai et al

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M A Hyatt Early Life Nutrition Research Unit, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Human Development, Academic Child Health

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D H Keisler Early Life Nutrition Research Unit, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Human Development, Academic Child Health

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H Budge Early Life Nutrition Research Unit, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Human Development, Academic Child Health
Early Life Nutrition Research Unit, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Human Development, Academic Child Health

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M E Symonds Early Life Nutrition Research Unit, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Human Development, Academic Child Health
Early Life Nutrition Research Unit, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Human Development, Academic Child Health

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glucocorticoid axis within the adipocyte. The enhanced fat mass seen at birth is thus associated with endocrine changes which are likely to have contributed to increased rates of adipogenesis both during late gestation and continuing after birth. These findings

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