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Fiona Roberts Functional Genetics and Development, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Greg Markby Functional Genetics and Development, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Scott Dillon Functional Genetics and Development, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Colin Farquharson Functional Genetics and Development, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Vicky E MacRae Functional Genetics and Development, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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. 1996 , Kirsch et al. 1997 , Nielsen et al. 2001 , Yoshiko et al. 2007 , Golub 2009 , Bourgine et al. 2011 ). Metabolic syndrome Metabolic syndrome is a global epidemic, with rates increasing alarmingly across both developed and

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Christine A Beamish Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA

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Yoon K Lee Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA

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A Osama Gaber Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA

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Priyanka Chanana Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA

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Edward A Graviss Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA

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Malgorzata Kloc Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
Department of Cell and Microbiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
Department of Genetics, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA

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M Waleed Gaber Department of Pediatrics, Hematology-Oncology Section, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA

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Willa A Hsueh Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA

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Omaima M Sabek Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
Department of Cell and Microbiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA

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Introduction The confluence of factors that characterize metabolic syndrome (MetS) are prevalent in the Western world and includes hypertension, abdominal obesity, elevated fasting glucose, insulin resistance (IR), elevated blood triglycerides

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G Boaventura
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G Casimiro-Lopes
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C C Pazos-Moura Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, 5° Andar, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida 28 de Setembro, 87, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Brazil

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E Oliveira
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P C Lisboa
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E G Moura
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resistance and an altered lipid profile) are similar to those of metabolic syndrome ( Moura et al . 2009 ). More recently, we obtained a similar profile in adult animals with a non-pharmacological model where a maternal bandage was used to cover the teats of

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Shelley Gorman Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

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Alexander N Larcombe Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia

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Hayley E Christian Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

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dysfunction. One increasingly important example of metabolic dysfunction is metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions (high blood pressure, high blood glucose, abdominal adiposity and hyperlipidaemia) that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke and

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K Alexander H Iwen Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany

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Oezge Senyaman Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany

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Arne Schwartz Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany

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Maren Drenckhan Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany

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Britta Meier Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany

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Dirk Hadaschik Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany

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Johannes Klein Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany

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Introduction Obesity and insulin resistance are at the centre of the metabolic syndrome which is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. There is growing evidence for an implication of adipose dysfunction critically

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Qinkai Li Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China

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Weidong Yin Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China

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Manbo Cai Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China

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Yi Liu Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China

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Hongjie Hou Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China

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Qingyun Shen Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China

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Chi Zhang Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China

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Junxia Xiao Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China

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Xiaobo Hu Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China

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Qishisan Wu Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China

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Makoto Funaki Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China

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Yutaka Nakaya Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China

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Introduction The metabolic syndrome (syndrome X) refers to the aggregation of a cluster of risk factors, including insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia (increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and depressed high

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Victor P Bilan Division of Pulmonary, Medicine, Pathology, Pathology, CVGI Discovery, Diabetes Drug Discovery, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, Departments of
Division of Pulmonary, Medicine, Pathology, Pathology, CVGI Discovery, Diabetes Drug Discovery, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, Departments of

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Eman M Salah Division of Pulmonary, Medicine, Pathology, Pathology, CVGI Discovery, Diabetes Drug Discovery, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, Departments of
Division of Pulmonary, Medicine, Pathology, Pathology, CVGI Discovery, Diabetes Drug Discovery, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, Departments of

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Sheldon Bastacky Division of Pulmonary, Medicine, Pathology, Pathology, CVGI Discovery, Diabetes Drug Discovery, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, Departments of

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Huw B Jones Division of Pulmonary, Medicine, Pathology, Pathology, CVGI Discovery, Diabetes Drug Discovery, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, Departments of

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Rachel M Mayers Division of Pulmonary, Medicine, Pathology, Pathology, CVGI Discovery, Diabetes Drug Discovery, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, Departments of

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Bradley Zinker Division of Pulmonary, Medicine, Pathology, Pathology, CVGI Discovery, Diabetes Drug Discovery, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, Departments of

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Simon M Poucher Division of Pulmonary, Medicine, Pathology, Pathology, CVGI Discovery, Diabetes Drug Discovery, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, Departments of

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Stevan P Tofovic Division of Pulmonary, Medicine, Pathology, Pathology, CVGI Discovery, Diabetes Drug Discovery, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, Departments of
Division of Pulmonary, Medicine, Pathology, Pathology, CVGI Discovery, Diabetes Drug Discovery, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, Departments of

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pathways of DN to be identified, it does not share primary features of metabolic syndrome: insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia, obesity, and hypertension. Furthermore, STZ rats develop mild hyperlipidemia and are resistant to development of nephropathy

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Lyle Wiemerslage Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Priya A Gohel Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Giulia Maestri Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Torfi G Hilmarsson Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Michel Mickael Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Robert Fredriksson Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Michael J Williams Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Helgi B Schiöth Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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with the Tukey’s honestly significant difference correction. Data are reported as mean±1 s.e.m. Results TMEM18 appears to regulate metabolic syndrome via effects on insulin To find clues for TMEM18 ’s relationship with obesity, we

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Hong-Yo Kang Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Hormone Research Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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current knowledge of the metabolic and vascular actions of testosterone in these disorders – specifically, how testosterone deficiency contributes to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes ( Kelly & Jones 2013 a ), and cardiovascular

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Harman S Mattu Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, University of Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

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Harpal S Randeva Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, University of Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

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nutrition) have been shown to interact (including through metabolic syndrome, MetS) and contribute to CVD. White adipose tissue (WAT) has been identified as a metabolically active endocrine organ that affects a plethora of body functions including energy and

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