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S Morimoto Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, SZ Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan 14000, D F México, México
Facultad de Química and
Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan 04510, D F México, México

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C A Mendoza-Rodríguez Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, SZ Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan 14000, D F México, México
Facultad de Química and
Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan 04510, D F México, México

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M Hiriart Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, SZ Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan 14000, D F México, México
Facultad de Química and
Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan 04510, D F México, México

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M E Larrieta Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, SZ Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan 14000, D F México, México
Facultad de Química and
Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan 04510, D F México, México

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P Vital Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, SZ Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan 14000, D F México, México
Facultad de Química and
Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan 04510, D F México, México

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M A Cerbón Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, SZ Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan 14000, D F México, México
Facultad de Química and
Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan 04510, D F México, México

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:100) (Jackson Immunoresearch Laboratories, Wets Grove, PA, USA). After this procedure, sections were incubated for 4 h with mouse anti-rat glucagon (1:6000) (Sigma) and a second CY5-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (1:100) (Jackson Immunoresearch Laboratories

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X H Zhang
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S Filippi
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L Vignozzi
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A Morelli
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R Mancina
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M Luconi
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S Donati
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M Marini
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G B Vannelli
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G Forti
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M Maggi
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the level of the male genital tract. The primary goal of the present study was to extend our previous observations obtained in other species ( Vignozzi et al. 2004 ) to the rat and to verify whether or not OT has any effect in an in vivo

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Marika Bogdani
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Angela M Henschel Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 720 Broadway, Seattle, Washington 98122, USA

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Sanjay Kansra Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 720 Broadway, Seattle, Washington 98122, USA

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Jessica M Fuller Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 720 Broadway, Seattle, Washington 98122, USA

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Rhonda Geoffrey Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 720 Broadway, Seattle, Washington 98122, USA

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Shuang Jia Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 720 Broadway, Seattle, Washington 98122, USA

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Mary L Kaldunski Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 720 Broadway, Seattle, Washington 98122, USA

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Scott Pavletich Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 720 Broadway, Seattle, Washington 98122, USA

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Simon Prosser Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 720 Broadway, Seattle, Washington 98122, USA

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Yi-Guang Chen Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 720 Broadway, Seattle, Washington 98122, USA

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Åke Lernmark Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 720 Broadway, Seattle, Washington 98122, USA

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Martin J Hessner Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 720 Broadway, Seattle, Washington 98122, USA

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Introduction Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by immunocyte infiltration of the pancreatic islets (insulitis) and destruction of the insulin-secreting β cells. Diabetes in the biobreeding (BB) rat exhibits many

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Judith L Turgeon Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA

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Dennis W Waring Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA

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signal during the LH surge is GnRH self-priming, and we have shown for rat gonadotropes that there is overlap of the self-priming pathway with activation of the progesterone receptor (PR; Waring & Turgeon 1992 , Turgeon & Waring 1994 ). For mouse

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M S Mondal Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
Discovery Research Laboratories, Pharmaceuticals Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ibaraki 300-4293, Japan

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H Yamaguchi Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
Discovery Research Laboratories, Pharmaceuticals Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ibaraki 300-4293, Japan

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Y Date Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
Discovery Research Laboratories, Pharmaceuticals Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ibaraki 300-4293, Japan

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K Toshinai Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
Discovery Research Laboratories, Pharmaceuticals Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ibaraki 300-4293, Japan

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T Kawagoe Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
Discovery Research Laboratories, Pharmaceuticals Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ibaraki 300-4293, Japan

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T Tsuruta Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
Discovery Research Laboratories, Pharmaceuticals Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ibaraki 300-4293, Japan

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H Kageyama Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
Discovery Research Laboratories, Pharmaceuticals Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ibaraki 300-4293, Japan

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Y Kawamura Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
Discovery Research Laboratories, Pharmaceuticals Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ibaraki 300-4293, Japan

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S Shioda Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
Discovery Research Laboratories, Pharmaceuticals Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ibaraki 300-4293, Japan

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Y Shimomura Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
Discovery Research Laboratories, Pharmaceuticals Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ibaraki 300-4293, Japan

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M Mori Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
Discovery Research Laboratories, Pharmaceuticals Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ibaraki 300-4293, Japan

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M Nakazato Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
Discovery Research Laboratories, Pharmaceuticals Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ibaraki 300-4293, Japan

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% nucleotide and 64% amino acid identity ( O’Dowd et al. 1995 ). While orthologs of GPR7 and GPR8 have been found in multiple species by PCR, a rodent GPR8 has yet to be identified ( Lee et al. 1995 ). Rat GPR7 mRNA is widely expressed throughout the brain

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Noriko Tagawa Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan

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Sayaka Kubota Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan

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Ikuo Kato Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan

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Yoshiharu Kobayashi Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan

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H6PD using rat adipose and liver tissues and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Materials and methods Materials Steroid standards were obtained from Steraloids, Inc. (Newport, RI, USA); 3-( N -morpholino)propanesulfonic (MOPS) acid from Sigma; NADP, NADPH, G6P, and

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Yuqing Wu Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P R China

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Yinyan Xu Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P R China

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Hong Zhou Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P R China

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Jin Tao Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P R China

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Shengnan Li Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P R China

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al. 1996 ). Rat UCN is a 40-amino-acid peptide with 45% sequence identity to CRH ( Vaughan et al. 1995 ), 95% amino-acid identity with human UCN ( Donaldson et al. 1996 ) and 63% identity with the fish peptide, urotensin ( Vaughan et al

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Takahiro Nemoto Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan

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Azusa Iwasaki-Sekino Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan

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Naoko Yamauchi Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan

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Tamotsu Shibasaki Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan

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Introduction As a member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family peptides, urocortin (Ucn 1) was discovered by screening of a rat brain cDNA library with a probe derived from carp urotensin I ( Vaughan et al. 1995

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S Van der Geyten Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium

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V M Darras Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium

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D1 mRNA expression in rat hepatocytes ( Menjo et al. 1993 , Davies et al. 1996 ). So far it remains unclear as to what is the cause behind this discrepancy. Also in NRK-52E kidney cells, dexamethasone (DEX) increases D1 activity and mRNA

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Lei Li Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Palo Alto Institute for Research and Education, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China

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Ping Ma Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Palo Alto Institute for Research and Education, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China

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Chen Huang Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Palo Alto Institute for Research and Education, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China

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Yongjun Liu Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Palo Alto Institute for Research and Education, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China

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Ye Zhang Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Palo Alto Institute for Research and Education, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China

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Chen Gao Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Palo Alto Institute for Research and Education, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China

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Tianxia Xiao Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Palo Alto Institute for Research and Education, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China

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Pei-Gen Ren Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Palo Alto Institute for Research and Education, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China

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Brian A Zabel Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Palo Alto Institute for Research and Education, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China

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Jian V Zhang Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Palo Alto Institute for Research and Education, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Palo Alto Institute for Research and Education, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China

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)-induced testosterone production in rat testis, while resistin-stimulated testosterone production in rat testis ( Tena-Sempere et al . 1999 , Nogueiras et al . 2004 ). Recent reports point to a role of the novel adipokine chemerin in reproduction as well, focusing on

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