Introduction The hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis regulates metabolism and growth, reproduction, and brain development in vertebrates. Similarly, in fish, thyroid hormones (THs) have been demonstrated to regulate growth ( Huang et al
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Sean C Lema, Jon T Dickey, Irvin R Schultz, and Penny Swanson
Branka Šošić-Jurjević, Branko Filipović, Kostja Renko, Vladimir Ajdžanović, Milica Manojlović-Stojanoski, Verica Milošević, and Josef Köhrle
(DIO) enzymes. Endogenous sex steroids, both estrogen and testosterone, play an important yet poorly defined role in regulation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis and TH homeostasis. Clinical evidence demonstrated that female patients have
D C Ferguson, Z Caffall, and M Hoenig
the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis; comparisons between the effect of AGRP and neuropeptide Yon energy homeostasis and the HPT axis. Endocrinology 143 3846 –3853. Ferguson DC & Peterson ME 1992
Marco Colella, Valeria Nittoli, Alfonsina Porciello, Immacolata Porreca, Carla Reale, Filomena Russo, Nicola Antonino Russo, Luca Roberto, Francesco Albano, Mario De Felice, Massimo Mallardo, and Concetta Ambrosino
). Thyroid development in zebrafish closely resembles that of higher vertebrates. Despite some anatomical differences, the feedback loop active in the HPT axis and the intra-tissue/cell TH metabolism/signaling pathways are both evolutionarily conserved
Ulla Simanainen, Yan Ru (Ellen) Gao, Reena Desai, Mark Jimenez, Jennifer Spaliviero, Janet R Keast, and David J Handelsman
drive by circulating LH. An intact hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis (HPT axis) would normally respond to low circulating testosterone levels with an increase in pituitary gonadotrophin secretion due to a lack of androgenic negative feedback. Yet
Kushaan Dumasia, Anita Kumar, Leena Kadam, and N H Balasinor
suppression of the hypothalamus–pituitary–testis (HPT) axis ( Rao & Chinoy 1983 , Gill-Sharma et al . 2001 ). However, since treatment with E 2 could affect both the ERs, the reduction in fertility observed after these treatments would be the cumulative
Kely de Picoli Souza, Francemilson Goulart da Silva, and Maria Tereza Nunes
hormone serum concentrations are low at birth and increase progressively achieving the adult values approximately at the third week of life, when the maturation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis is accomplished. While the set point of the
Clare F Hodkinson, Ellen E A Simpson, John H Beattie, Jacqueline M O'Connor, David J Campbell, J J Strain, and Julie M W Wallace
lymphocyte TR assessment should also be incorporated into study designs to assess thyroid and adrenal gland function in relation to HPA- and HPT-axis activity. In summary, the current study suggests a role for thyroid hormones, within the normal physiological
Maik Pietzner, Tim Kacprowski, and Nele Friedrich
(the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis). An increase in circulating thyroid hormones (THs) in turn causes suppression of synthesis and release of both TRH and TSH, which in turn suppress TH secretion from the thyroid. Due to their highly
L Johnsen, A H Kongsted, and M O Nielsen
. Rather, we speculate that the regulation of thyroid secretion has been programed at a higher level of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroidal (HPT) axis, with increased sensitivity toward TSH and TH biosynthesis in the pituitary. Figure 9 Systemic overview
