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Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Introduction Adipose tissue represents one of the most dynamic organs in the body, and has an array of functions which adapt to the prevailing thermal and metabolic environment ( Seale & Lazar 2009 ). It acts as a site of energy storage, heat
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Thorn Bldg, 1405, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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adipose M1 macrophage activity, weight gain, and systemic insulin resistance ( Wu et al . 2011 ). The production of eosinophils in bone marrow and their recruitment into WAT is largely controlled by IL5 ( Mould et al . 1997 , Molofsky et al . 2013
Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Center for Healthy Aging Research, Department of Neuroscience, Biostatistics, Department of Physiological Sciences, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Center for Healthy Aging Research, Department of Neuroscience, Biostatistics, Department of Physiological Sciences, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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2811 – 2822 . ( doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2629-7 ) Devlin MJ Cloutier AM Thomas NA Panus DA Lotinun S Pinz I Baron R Rosen CJ Bouxsein ML 2010 Caloric restriction leads to high marrow adiposity and low bone mass in growing mice
Laboratorio de Envejecimiento y Enfermedades Crónicas Relacionadas con la Nutrición, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Servicio de Traumatología, Hospital Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile
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Laboratorio de Envejecimiento y Enfermedades Crónicas Relacionadas con la Nutrición, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Servicio de Traumatología, Hospital Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile
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Laboratorio de Envejecimiento y Enfermedades Crónicas Relacionadas con la Nutrición, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Servicio de Traumatología, Hospital Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile
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Laboratorio de Envejecimiento y Enfermedades Crónicas Relacionadas con la Nutrición, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Servicio de Traumatología, Hospital Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile
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Laboratorio de Envejecimiento y Enfermedades Crónicas Relacionadas con la Nutrición, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Servicio de Traumatología, Hospital Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile
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Laboratorio de Envejecimiento y Enfermedades Crónicas Relacionadas con la Nutrición, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Servicio de Traumatología, Hospital Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile
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Laboratorio de Envejecimiento y Enfermedades Crónicas Relacionadas con la Nutrición, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Servicio de Traumatología, Hospital Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile
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Laboratorio de Envejecimiento y Enfermedades Crónicas Relacionadas con la Nutrición, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Servicio de Traumatología, Hospital Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile
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& Robey 1999 , Rodríguez et al. 1999 ). After the menopause, decreased endogenous oestradiol enhances bone turnover and this is accompanied by a shift in the adipocyte to osteoblast ratio, which favours fat tissue production in the bone marrow
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increasing visceral and bone marrow adiposity and a decrease in lean mass ( Thurston et al . 2009 , Wildman et al . 2012 ). This clinical phenotype is associated with disrupted energy metabolism and decreased physical activity ( Thurston et al . 2009
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PTEN protein expression in bone marrow stromal cells and calvarial osteoblasts ( Demambro et al . 2008 , Kawai et al . 2011 ). This was accompanied by an increase in marrow adiposity suggesting that enhanced Pten activity played a role in
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Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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recombination of the LepR-floxed allele, frozen femora, that had been flushed to remove the bone marrow, were processed for DNA isolation using the ISOLATE II Genomic DNA Kit (BIO-52066, Bioline) and then assessed by PCR. Primer sequences and product sizes for
Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, National Institute on Aging, Institute of Biomedical Sciences
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Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, National Institute on Aging, Institute of Biomedical Sciences
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, collection of tissues, and histological staining Bone marrow cells were obtained by flushing the femurs of the animals with culture medium (RPMI-1640, Sigma) injected through a 21 gauge needle. Spleens were removed and weighed before being smashed on a nylon
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disease affects the bone remodelling cycle is shown in Fig. 1 . The impact of inflammation related mechanisms of bone loss on the bone remodelling cycle will be discussed along with how inflammation within particular tissues interacts with bone
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China
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Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China
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Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China
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Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China
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Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China
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Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China
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Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China
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Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China
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tissue from humans with obesity and obese mice models is infiltrated with increased numbers of macrophages provides a major mechanistic advance into understanding obesity-associated inflammation ( Olefsky & Glass 2010 ). These adipose tissue macrophages