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Marian Joëls Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands

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E Ronald de Kloet Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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rapidly promotes memory retrieval but also mediates with short delay the effect of corticosterone on selective attention, reactivity to novel situations and encoding of the experience for memory storage. The memory traces are encoded for appropriate

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Jennifer A Evans Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA

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energy resources ( Fig. 1 , Takahashi et al . 1968 ). Likewise, the secretion of growth hormone is highest during slow-wave sleep when its ability to repair and strengthen bones is most effective ( Fig. 1 , Takahashi et al . 1968 ). In both cases, the

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Herbert A Schmid Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland

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Josef Brueggen Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland

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additional variables such as food intake, sleep, and physical exertion ( Strowski et al . 2003 , Drucker 2007 ). Somatostatin, an inhibitor of both insulin and glucagon secretion ( Hauge-Evans et al . 2009 ), binds with high affinity to the five

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Huanan Zhang School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, China
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China

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John R Speakman Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

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) are associated with the effects of caffeine on sleep, anxiety, Parkinson's disease risk, post-meal blood sugar, and habitual coffee consumption ( Alsene et al. 2003 , Childs et al. 2008 , Nunes et al. 2017 , Banks et al. 2019 , Erblang et

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S Ö Íşeri Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
Vocational School of Health Related Professions, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
Division of Biochemistry, Kasimpasa Military Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

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G Şener Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
Vocational School of Health Related Professions, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
Division of Biochemistry, Kasimpasa Military Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

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M Yüksel Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
Vocational School of Health Related Professions, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
Division of Biochemistry, Kasimpasa Military Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

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G Contuk Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
Vocational School of Health Related Professions, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
Division of Biochemistry, Kasimpasa Military Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

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Ş Çetinel Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
Vocational School of Health Related Professions, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
Division of Biochemistry, Kasimpasa Military Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

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N Gedik Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
Vocational School of Health Related Professions, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
Division of Biochemistry, Kasimpasa Military Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

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B Ç Yeğen Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
Vocational School of Health Related Professions, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
Division of Biochemistry, Kasimpasa Military Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

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form. Despite the difficulty in quantifying reactive oxygen metabolites because of their reactive nature and short lives, chemiluminescence as used in the present study, is a simple but a reproducible technique. Luminol

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Taira Wada Laboratory of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabshi, Chiba, Japan

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Yukiko Yamamoto Laboratory of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabshi, Chiba, Japan

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Yukiko Takasugi Laboratory of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabshi, Chiba, Japan

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Hirotake Ishii Laboratory of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabshi, Chiba, Japan

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Taketo Uchiyama Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabshi, Chiba, Japan

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Kaori Saitoh Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Masahiro Suzuki Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Makoto Uchiyama Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Tokyo Adachi Hospital, Adachi, Tokyo, Japan

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Hikari Yoshitane Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Yoshitaka Fukada Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Shigeki Shimba Laboratory of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabshi, Chiba, Japan

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KK-Ta mice, which are a polygenic model of metabolic syndrome with hypoadiponectinemia, have a shorter activity period under constant dark conditions and dampened circadian locomotor rhythms with increased light-phase activity relative to controls

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Sara S Ellingwood Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA

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Alan Cheng Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA

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maintaining blood glucose levels during sleep, as this is slowly digested to provide glucose over a longer period ( Chen et al . 1984 ). Type I: glucose 6-phosphatase deficiency (von Gierke disease) GSD type I is the most common and one of the most

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Manuela S Bartlang
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Inga D Neumann Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany

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David A Slattery Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany

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Nicole Uschold-Schmidt Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany

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Dominik Kraus Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany

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Charlotte Helfrich-Förster
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Stefan O Reber Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany

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states that a disturbed internal clock is causally involved in the development of depression ( Winkler et al . (2005) , for review, see Racagni et al . (2007) ), which is supported by altered plasma cortisol rhythms ( Deuschle et al . 1997 ) and sleep

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Mathis Grossmann Department of Medicine Austin Health, Department of Endocrinology, University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
Department of Medicine Austin Health, Department of Endocrinology, University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia

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, suggest that the in the majority of men, suppression of the diabesity-associated HPT axis is functional, and may hence be reversible. Obesity and dysglycaemia and associated comorbidities such as obstructive sleep apnoea ( Hoyos et al . 2012 b ) are

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Radmila Kancheva
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Martin Hill
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David Cibula
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Helena Včeláková
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Lyudmila Kancheva
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Jana Vrbíková
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Tomáš Fait
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Antonín Pařízek
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Luboslav Stárka
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ion channels ( Majewska 1990 ). PIs with a hydroxy group in the 3α-position shorten the period of paradoxical sleeping, attenuate the release of acetylcholine in the neocortex and hippocampus, suppress neurogenesis, and deteriorate spatial memory

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