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Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK
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Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK
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Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK
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Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK
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Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK
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Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK
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Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK
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Introduction Glucocorticoids exert pleiotrophic effects on metabolism and energy partitioning. Centrally, they increase food intake and reduce energy expenditure, whilst peripherally, they promote insulin resistance, fat accumulation
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Introduction Cholesterol is the sole precursor for the synthesis of steroid hormones including adrenal-derived glucocorticoids, i.e., cortisol in man and corticosterone in rodents. The cholesterol used for steroidogenesis can theoretically be
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Endocrinology and Diabetes, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences
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Glucocorticoid treatment of cancer Glucocorticoids (Gcs) are widely used for the treatment of lymphoid malignancy ( Pirotte et al . 1997 , Sionov et al . 2008 ) because of their dramatic effects on cell cycle progression and apoptosis. They are
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Centre for Endocrinology, Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Division of Endocrinology, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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Centre for Endocrinology, Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Division of Endocrinology, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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Introduction Cushing's syndrome results from chronic exposure to high doses of glucocorticoids. Endogenous Cushing's syndrome is rare and may be caused by an adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH)-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing's disease) or a cortisol
The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, UK
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The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, UK
Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, International Campus, Haining, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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( Pariante & Lightman 2008 ). The HPA axis is the primary neuroendocrine stress response system. It is activated following perturbations to normal homeostasis, resulting in increased secretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal gland, which mobilises energy
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Both generalised and tissue-specific glucocorticoid resistance is increasingly being recognised. In one study, 1–2% of patients evaluated for adrenal disorders were glucocorticoid-resistant (Werner et al. 1992). At the molecular level, resistance to glucocorticoids is usually defined using specific markers. Some cells, such as lymphocytes, exhibit a very clear phenotypic change in response to glucocorticoids, enabling this to be used as a marker of glucocorticoid action (Kaspers et al. 1994). In most cells, however, changes in target gene expression are used. Either endogenous or transfected genes can be used; however, endogenous genes are often subject to tissuespecific regulation, and measurement of the steady-state mRNA level is an insensitive measure of glucocorticoid action. Transfection of short, carefully defined sequences of glucocorticoid-regulated DNA linked to a suitable reporter gene (Fig. 1) enables small differences in the EC50 and Vmax values of glucocorticoid action to be confidently measured (Ray et al. 1994b). Typically, positively
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Introduction Glucocorticoids (Gc) are potent anti-inflammatory agents and are widely prescribed for the treatment of a range of inflammatory and immune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and asthma ( McMaster & Ray 2007 , Barnes & Adcock 2009
Ilex-Conicet, Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas, Pacheco de Melo 308, Academia Nacional de Medicina, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina
Department of Immunophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Deutschhausstrasse 2, Philipps University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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Ilex-Conicet, Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas, Pacheco de Melo 308, Academia Nacional de Medicina, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina
Department of Immunophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Deutschhausstrasse 2, Philipps University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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Ilex-Conicet, Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas, Pacheco de Melo 308, Academia Nacional de Medicina, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina
Department of Immunophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Deutschhausstrasse 2, Philipps University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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Ilex-Conicet, Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas, Pacheco de Melo 308, Academia Nacional de Medicina, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina
Department of Immunophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Deutschhausstrasse 2, Philipps University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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Ilex-Conicet, Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas, Pacheco de Melo 308, Academia Nacional de Medicina, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina
Department of Immunophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Deutschhausstrasse 2, Philipps University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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Ilex-Conicet, Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas, Pacheco de Melo 308, Academia Nacional de Medicina, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina
Department of Immunophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Deutschhausstrasse 2, Philipps University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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Ilex-Conicet, Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas, Pacheco de Melo 308, Academia Nacional de Medicina, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina
Department of Immunophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Deutschhausstrasse 2, Philipps University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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Ilex-Conicet, Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas, Pacheco de Melo 308, Academia Nacional de Medicina, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina
Department of Immunophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Deutschhausstrasse 2, Philipps University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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neuroendocrine mechanisms may play in the development of the disease ( Savino et al. 1989 , Leite de Moraes et al. 1991 ). We have chosen to study, in particular, the significance of endogenous glucocorticoids levels for the course of T. cruzi infection
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and CSF to stimulation by dexamethasone and to identify the sites in the central nervous system (CNS) targeted by this glucocorticoid. Mindful of the well-recognised and profound effects of glucocorticoids on brain function ( Wolkowitz et al. 2009
Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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hormones and other signaling molecules carried by blood and CSF. The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that glucocorticoids (GCs) play a role in the entrainment of the CP clock because their production in adrenal glands is controlled by the SCN in