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Bettina Geidl-Flueck Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Switzerland

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Philipp A Gerber Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Switzerland

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Introduction Metabolic health is at risk in societies with an excess supply of energy-dense palatable food and drinks and an everyday life with low physical activity. There is a global epidemic of metabolic syndrome ( Saklayen 2018 ), which

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Alpana Mathur Herbal Research Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
Babu Banarasi Das University, BBD City, Lucknow, India

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Vivek Kumar Pandey Herbal Research Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR, Lucknow, India

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Poonam Kakkar Herbal Research Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
Babu Banarasi Das University, BBD City, Lucknow, India
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR, Lucknow, India

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physical exercise and its effect on the hepatic glucose production in an insulin resistance state . Diabetology and Metabolic Syndrome 7 67 . ( doi:10.1186/s13098-015-0064-x ) Mendoza MC Blenis J 2007 PHLPPing it off: phosphatases get in

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Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes
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Susana Astiz
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Cristina Ovilo Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Micros Veterinaria, INIA, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain

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Clemente J Lopez-Bote Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Micros Veterinaria, INIA, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain

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Raul Sanchez-Sanchez
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Maria L Perez-Solana
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Laura Torres-Rovira Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Micros Veterinaria, INIA, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain

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Miriam Ayuso Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Micros Veterinaria, INIA, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain

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Jorge Gonzalez Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Micros Veterinaria, INIA, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain

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undernutrition or overnutrition induces higher body corpulence and adiposity, development of metabolic syndrome and the prodrome of type-2 diabetes in the first generation of descendants ( Barbero et al . 2013 ). The objective of this study was to determine the

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Susan Kralisch University of Leipzig, Department of Internal Medicine III, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
University of Lübeck, Department of Internal Medicine I, 23538 Lübeck, Germany

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Johannes Klein University of Leipzig, Department of Internal Medicine III, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
University of Lübeck, Department of Internal Medicine I, 23538 Lübeck, Germany

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Ulrike Lossner University of Leipzig, Department of Internal Medicine III, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
University of Lübeck, Department of Internal Medicine I, 23538 Lübeck, Germany

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Matthias Bluher University of Leipzig, Department of Internal Medicine III, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
University of Lübeck, Department of Internal Medicine I, 23538 Lübeck, Germany

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Ralf Paschke University of Leipzig, Department of Internal Medicine III, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
University of Lübeck, Department of Internal Medicine I, 23538 Lübeck, Germany

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Michael Stumvoll University of Leipzig, Department of Internal Medicine III, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
University of Lübeck, Department of Internal Medicine I, 23538 Lübeck, Germany

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Mathias Fasshauer University of Leipzig, Department of Internal Medicine III, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
University of Lübeck, Department of Internal Medicine I, 23538 Lübeck, Germany

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symptoms of the metabolic syndrome including insulin resistance and obesity ( Masuzaki et al. 2001 ). Furthermore, studies in humans confirm that local overexpression of 11β-HSD-1 in adipocytes might contribute to insulin resistance found in obesity

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Ivana Vaněčková Institute of Physiology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic

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Lenka Maletínská Institute of Physiology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic

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Michal Behuliak Institute of Physiology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic

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Veronika Nagelová Institute of Physiology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic

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Josef Zicha Institute of Physiology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic

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Jaroslav Kuneš Institute of Physiology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic

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epigenetics to obesity, hypertension, and/or metabolic syndrome is less clear ( Egger et al . 2004 , Gallou-Kabani & Junien 2005 ). We can speculate that obesity-related hypertension develops as a consequence of ‘errors’ in well-coordinated regulatory

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Keisuke Ishizawa Pharmacology, Medical Pharmacology, Departments of

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Narantungalag Dorjsuren Pharmacology, Medical Pharmacology, Departments of

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Yuki Izawa-Ishizawa Pharmacology, Medical Pharmacology, Departments of

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Rika Sugimoto Pharmacology, Medical Pharmacology, Departments of

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Yasumasa Ikeda Pharmacology, Medical Pharmacology, Departments of

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Yoshitaka Kihira Pharmacology, Medical Pharmacology, Departments of

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Kazuyoshi Kawazoe Pharmacology, Medical Pharmacology, Departments of

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Shuhei Tomita Pharmacology, Medical Pharmacology, Departments of

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Koichiro Tsuchiya Pharmacology, Medical Pharmacology, Departments of

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Kazuo Minakuchi Pharmacology, Medical Pharmacology, Departments of

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Toshiaki Tamaki Pharmacology, Medical Pharmacology, Departments of

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Introduction Metabolic syndrome (MS) is known to be associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, and the coexistence of these diseases leads to cardiovascular disease (CVD; Sowers et al . 2001 , Lorenzo et al . 2003

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Laurie Rouger Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, WELBIO, Université Paris Diderot, Euroscreen SA, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium

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G Raphaël Denis Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, WELBIO, Université Paris Diderot, Euroscreen SA, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium

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Souphalone Luangsay Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, WELBIO, Université Paris Diderot, Euroscreen SA, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, WELBIO, Université Paris Diderot, Euroscreen SA, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium

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Marc Parmentier Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, WELBIO, Université Paris Diderot, Euroscreen SA, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, WELBIO, Université Paris Diderot, Euroscreen SA, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium

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Introduction Obesity and associated disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases, constitute a rapidly growing health problem in Western countries. According to the World Health Organization, worldwide obesity

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Laura D Ratner Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Guillermina Stevens Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Hospital General de Agudos J. M. Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Maria Marta Bonaventura Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Victoria A Lux-Lantos Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Matti Poutanen Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Ricardo S Calandra Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Ilpo T Huhtaniemi Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Susana B Rulli Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Introduction Metabolic syndrome is a growing epidemic worldwide that involves 1 out of 4 adult people, and its prevalence increases with age ( Grundy 2008 ). The consensus statement provided by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF

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Rachel T Scarl Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA

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C Martin Lawrence Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA

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Hannah M Gordon Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA

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Craig S Nunemaker Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA

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, glucose intolerance ( Wellen et al. 2007 ) and hyperglycemia, hallmarks of metabolic syndrome and T2D. Thus, STEAP4 appears to play a protective role against metabolic and proinflammatory stress in adipocytes and adipose tissue. STEAP4 expression

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Gisela Helfer School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK

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Qing-Feng Wu State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

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Introduction Adipokines, secreted by adipose tissue, are involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome ( Lehr et al . 2012 ). Chemerin, encoded by the gene retinoic acid receptor responder 2 ( Rarres2 ), also known as tazarotene

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