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Biological Science Course, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Lipids Laboratory (LIM 10) Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Emergency, School of Arts, AFIP and Pathology, CCBS, Presbyterian University Mackenzie, Rua da Consolação, 930 Prédio 38, Curso de Biologia, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil
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Biological Science Course, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Lipids Laboratory (LIM 10) Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Emergency, School of Arts, AFIP and Pathology, CCBS, Presbyterian University Mackenzie, Rua da Consolação, 930 Prédio 38, Curso de Biologia, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil
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myocardium, bone, brain, and other tissues. Our current understanding of thyroid hormone action allows for the development of such strategies. Tri-iodothyronine (T 3 ) effects are mediated by thyroid hormone receptors (TRs), which are ligand
Diabetes Center, Instituto de Biologia, Centro Universitário da Bahia ‐ FIB, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, 94143 San Francisco, California, USA
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Diabetes Center, Instituto de Biologia, Centro Universitário da Bahia ‐ FIB, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, 94143 San Francisco, California, USA
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shows early time points on larger scale. Table 1 Kinetics of binding of thyroid hormone receptor expressed and purified by different methods, containing or not a point mutation, or in heterodimer with retinoid X receptor (RXR) Receptor K d (10 −10 M
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functionally with the thyroid hormone receptor (TR) to regulate malic enzyme gene expression ( Chou et al . 2007 ). The elevated S14 expression is important to increase lipogenic enzyme expressions induced by T 3 ( Cunningham et al . 1998 ). In this way
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Abstract
Clinical resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) has been classified into generalized resistance to thyroid hormone (GRTH) and pituitary resistance to thyroid hormone (PRTH) types. Since similar mutations have been identified in tri-iodothyronine (T3) receptor (TR) β gene in GRTH and PRTH, and since considerable overlap has been seen in the clinical manifestations in patients with GRTH and PRTH, two subtypes of RTH are now considered to be a continuous spectrum with the same genetic defect. A point mutation at amino acid Arg 338 to Trp (R338W) which we identified in a patient with PRTH is very interesting, since R338W has been found in several other patients with PRTH, raising the possibility that this mutation may tend to associate with a phenotype of PRTH.
In our previous study, we found that R338W had relatively less impaired transcriptional potency, weaker dominant negative activity on various T3 response elements and poor homodimer formation, as compared with another GRTH mutant. In this study, to investigate the functional properties of R338W further, especially in terms of the relation between transcriptional activity and dimer formations, we introduced the R338W mutation into the mutant receptors, K443E and F451X, constructing the double mutants, R338W/K443E and R338W/F451X. Both R338W/K443E and R338W/F451X showed negligible T3 binding and transcriptional activities. The dominant negative activities of K443E and F451X were, however, significantly weakened by introducing the R338W mutation. As a control, a double mutant G345R/K443E was constructed by introducing a point mutation, G345R, located in the same exon 9 as R338W, into the K443E mutant. Dominant negative activity did not differ between G345R/K443E and K443E. Homodimer formation was significantly reduced in the double mutants containing R338W, but not G345R.
In summary, introducing the R338W mutation, but not G345R, into the mutant TR significantly weakened the dominant negative activity, despite further impairment of the T3 binding and transcriptional activities.
Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 151, 293–300
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Willingham MC Cheng CY 2009 Distinct regulation of lipid metabolism by unliganded thyroid hormone receptor isoforms . Molecular Endocrinology 23 308 – 315 . doi:10.1210/me.2008-0311 . Bassett JHD O'Shea PJ Sriskantharajah S Rabier B
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prepubertal life ( Orth et al . 1988 ). These data, in conjunction with the findings that thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) are present in human and rat testes from birth to adult life ( Buzzard et al . 2000 , Jannini et al . 2000 ), further confirm that
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ATCGAACGTGCTGCTTTCTT ATTTGCCGTAGAGGCTGAGA NM_013200.1 91 Acox CTGATGAAATACGCCCAGGT GGTCCCATACGTCAGCTTGT NM_017340.2 75 Rps12 AAATCGATCGAGAGGGGAAG CTTGGCCTGAGATTCTTTGC NM_031709.3 86 Thra , thyroid hormone receptor α; Thrb , thyroid hormone receptor β; Ppargc1a , PPAR
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Dipartimento di Biologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, Genova 16132, Italy
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Dipartimento di Biologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, Genova 16132, Italy
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TRα1 and TRβ1 in FaO cells. Basal expression of the thyroid hormone receptors quantified in FaO cells by RT-qPCR with respect to the rat liver. (A) Amplification curves of TRα1 and of the reference gene GAPDH in the rat liver and FaO cells. (B
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Introduction Thyroid hormone receptor (TR) and liver X-receptors (LXRs) are the key regulators of lipid metabolism. Both these receptors prefer to bind to a direct repeat of the consensus DNA-binding site separated by a 4 bp spacing (DR-4), and thus
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School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Pathology, Fetal Medicine Centre, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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al . 1998 ) and decreased expression of cerebral thyroid hormone receptor (TR) expression ( Kilby et al . 2000 ) in growth-restricted human fetuses are postulated to contribute to this neurodevelopmental morbidity. Examination of growth